Kaprio J, Rimpelä A, Winter T, Viken R J, Rimpelä M, Rose R J
Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Hum Biol. 1995 Oct;67(5):739-53.
Genetic influences on variability of body weight and onset of menarche are well known. To investigate the genetic and environmental contributions to the association of body weight with onset of menarche, we studied Finnish twins from consecutive birth cohorts (the FinnTwin16 study) ascertained from the national population registry, which identifies nearly 100% of all living twins. Baseline questionnaires were mailed to the twins within 60 days of their sixteenth birthday and later to older sibs of the twins. Pairwise response rates (approximately 85% across gender and zygosity) and 30 months of data collection yielded results from 1283 twin pairs. The questionnaires included a survey of health habits and attitudes, a symptom checklist, MMPI personality scales, and a survey of relationships with parents, peers, and the co-twin. Age at menarche was reported by 468 monozygotic (MZ) girls, 378 girls from like-sex dizygotic (FDZ) pairs, 434 girls from opposite-sex (OSDZ) pairs, and 141 older female sibs of the twins. The one-month test-retest reliability of age at menarche in an independent sample (N = 136) of 16-year-olds from a national survey was 0.96. Girls from OSDZ pairs had a significantly higher mean age at menarche (13.33 yr) than FDZ girls (13.13 yr) (difference, 0.20 yr; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.35). The MZ correlation for age at menarche was 0.75, the DZ correlation was 0.31, and the sib-twin correlation was 0.32. A bivariate twin analysis of age at menarche and body mass index (wt/ht2) indicated that 37% of the variance in age at menarche can be attributed to additive genetic effects, 37% to dominance effects, and 26% to unique environmental effects. The correlation between additive genetic effects on age at menarche and body mass index was 0.57, indicating a substantial proportion of genetic effects in common.
遗传因素对体重变异性和月经初潮年龄的影响是众所周知的。为了研究遗传和环境因素对体重与月经初潮年龄之间关联的作用，我们对来自连续出生队列的芬兰双胞胎（FinnTwin16研究）进行了研究，这些双胞胎是从国家人口登记处确定的，该登记处识别了几乎所有在世双胞胎的近100%。基线问卷在双胞胎16岁生日后的60天内邮寄给他们，之后也会邮寄给双胞胎的年长同胞。成对的应答率（跨性别和同卵/异卵的应答率约为85%）以及30个月的数据收集产生了来自1283对双胞胎的数据。问卷包括对健康习惯和态度的调查、症状清单、明尼苏达多相人格量表，以及与父母、同龄人及双胞胎同胞关系的调查。468名同卵（MZ）女孩、378名来自同性异卵（FDZ）双胞胎对的女孩、434名来自异性（OSDZ）双胞胎对的女孩以及141名双胞胎的年长女性同胞报告了月经初潮年龄。在一项来自全国调查的16岁独立样本（N = 136）中，月经初潮年龄的1个月重测信度为0.96。来自OSDZ双胞胎对的女孩月经初潮的平均年龄（13.33岁）显著高于FDZ女孩（13.13岁）（差异为0.20岁；95%置信区间为0.05 - 0.35）。月经初潮年龄的MZ相关性为0.75，DZ相关性为0.31，同胞 - 双胞胎相关性为0.32。对月经初潮年龄和体重指数（体重/身高²）进行的双变量双胞胎分析表明，月经初潮年龄变异的37%可归因于加性遗传效应，37%归因于显性效应，26%归因于独特环境效应。月经初潮年龄的加性遗传效应与体重指数之间的相关性为0.57，表明相当一部分遗传效应是共同的。
