Kshatriya G K
National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, Munirka, New Delhi, India.
Hum Biol. 1995 Dec;67(6):843-66.
Mythological and historical sketches of the Sri Lankan population indicate that it is heterogeneous and composed of diverse ethnic groups. Ancient chronicles of Sri Lanka relate the origin of the Sinhalese to the legend of Prince Vijaya, who arrived on the northwest coast of the island in 543 B.C. from northeast or northwest India. Further, because Sri Lanka occupies an important position on seaways, it has received a constant influx of people from various parts of the world (especially from the Middle East and Europe), including India. Taking into consideration mythological, historical, and linguistic records of Sri Lanka, I attempt to study the degree of gene diversity and genetic admixture among the population groups of Sri Lanka along with the populations of southern, northeastern, and northwestern India, the Middle East, and Europe. The genetic distance analysis was conducted using 43 alleles controlled by 15 codominant loci in 8 populations and 40 alleles controlled by 13 codominant loci in 11 populations. Both analyses give a similar picture, indicating that present-day Sinhalese and Tamils of Sri Lanka are closer to Indian Tamils and South Indian Muslims. They are farthest from Veddahs and quite distant from Gujaratis and Punjabis of northwest India and Bengalis of northeast India. Veddahs are distinct because they are confined to inhospitable dry zones and are hardly influenced by their neighbors. The study of genetic admixture revealed that the Sinhalese of Sri Lanka have a higher contribution from the Tamils of southern India (69.86% +/- 0.61) compared with the Bengalis of northeast India (25.41% +/- 0.51), whereas the Tamils of Sri Lanka have received a higher contribution from the Sinhalese of Sri Lanka (55.20% +/- 9.47) compared with the Tamils of India (16.63% +/- 8.73). Thus it is apparent that the contribution of Prince Vijaya and his companions, coming from northwest India, to the present-day Sinhalese must have been erased by the long-standing contribution (over 2000 years) of the population groups of India, especially those from Bengal and Tamil Nadu. Similarly, the Tamils of Sri Lanka are closer to the Sinhalese because they were always in close proximity to each other historically, linguistically, and culturally.
关于斯里兰卡人口的神话和历史概述表明，其人口具有异质性，由不同的种族群体组成。斯里兰卡的古代编年史将僧伽罗人的起源与维贾亚王子的传说联系起来，他于公元前543年从印度东北部或西北部抵达该岛的西北海岸。此外，由于斯里兰卡占据着海上航线的重要位置，它不断接收来自世界各个地区（尤其是中东和欧洲）的人群涌入，其中也包括印度人。考虑到斯里兰卡的神话、历史和语言记录，我试图研究斯里兰卡各人群与印度南部、东北部和西北部、中东及欧洲人群之间的基因多样性程度和基因混合情况。基因距离分析使用了8个群体中由15个共显性位点控制的43个等位基因，以及11个群体中由13个共显性位点控制的40个等位基因。两项分析得出了相似的结果，表明当今斯里兰卡的僧伽罗人和泰米尔人更接近印度泰米尔人和南印度穆斯林。他们与维达人距离最远，与印度西北部的古吉拉特人和旁遮普人以及印度东北部的孟加拉人也相距甚远。维达人与众不同，因为他们局限于荒凉的干旱地区，几乎不受其邻居的影响。基因混合研究表明，与印度东北部的孟加拉人（25.41%±0.51）相比，斯里兰卡的僧伽罗人有更高比例的基因来自印度南部的泰米尔人（69.86%±0.61），而与印度泰米尔人（16.63%±8.73）相比，斯里兰卡的泰米尔人有更高比例的基因来自斯里兰卡的僧伽罗人（55.20%±9.47）。因此，很明显，来自印度西北部的维贾亚王子及其同伴对当今僧伽罗人的贡献，肯定已被印度各人群（尤其是来自孟加拉和泰米尔纳德邦的人群）长期以来（超过2000年）的贡献所抹去。同样，斯里兰卡的泰米尔人与僧伽罗人更为接近，因为他们在历史、语言和文化上一直彼此相邻。
