Hill J M, McCune S K, Alvero R J, Glazner G W, Henins K A, Stanziale S F, Keimowitz J R, Brenneman D E
Section on Developmental and Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
J Clin Invest. 1996 Jan 1;97(1):202-8. doi: 10.1172/JCI118391.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been shown to regulate early postimplantation growth in rodents through central nervous system receptors. However, the source of VIP mediating these effects is unknown. Although VIP binding sites are present prenatally, VIP mRNA was not detected in the rat central nervous system before birth and was detected in the periphery only during the last third of pregnancy. In the present study, the embryonic day (E11) rat embryo/trophoblast was shown to have four times the VIP concentration of the E17 fetus and to have VIP receptors in the central nervous system. However, no VIP mRNA was detected in the E11 rat embryo or embryonic membranes by in situ hybridization or reverse transcriptase-PCR. RIA of rat maternal serum revealed a peak in VIP concentration at days E10-E12 of pregnancy, with VIP rising to levels 6-10-fold higher than during the final third of pregnancy. After intravenous administration of radiolabeled VIP to pregnant female mice, undegraded VIP was found in the E10 embryo. These results suggest that maternal tissues may provide neuroendocrine support for embryonic growth through a surge of VIP during early postimplantation development in the rodent.
血管活性肠肽（VIP）已被证明可通过中枢神经系统受体调节啮齿动物着床后的早期生长。然而，介导这些作用的VIP来源尚不清楚。尽管VIP结合位点在产前就已存在，但在出生前大鼠中枢神经系统中未检测到VIP mRNA，仅在妊娠最后三分之一期间在外周检测到。在本研究中，胚胎第11天（E11）的大鼠胚胎/滋养层显示其VIP浓度是E17胎儿的四倍，并且在中枢神经系统中有VIP受体。然而，通过原位杂交或逆转录聚合酶链反应在E11大鼠胚胎或胎膜中未检测到VIP mRNA。对大鼠母血清的放射免疫分析显示，妊娠E10 - E12天时VIP浓度达到峰值，VIP水平升至比妊娠最后三分之一期间高6 - 10倍。给怀孕的雌性小鼠静脉注射放射性标记的VIP后，在E10胚胎中发现了未降解的VIP。这些结果表明，在啮齿动物着床后早期发育过程中，母体组织可能通过VIP的激增为胚胎生长提供神经内分泌支持。
