MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1996 Feb 2;45(4):89-92.
Neonatal tetanus (NT) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality in many parts of the world and, of vaccine-preventable diseases, is second only to measles worldwide as a cause of childhood mortality (1). In Egypt, although tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccination for pregnant women was introduced in 1973, a nationwide survey in 1986 estimated that the NT mortality risk was seven per 1000 live births (2); in 1987, only 9% of pregnant women received at least two doses of TT (TT2+) through the routine vaccination program. Consequently, in 1988, the Ministry of Health initiated an aggressive NT elimination program; this program included 1) annual nationwide TT vaccination campaigns during 1988-1993 targeting pregnant women, and 2) supplementary campaigns during 1992-1994 targeting all women of childbearing age in districts where NT rates were highest. This report describes efforts to eliminate NT in Egypt that resulted in an 85% decline in reported cases during 1988-1994.
新生儿破伤风（NT）是世界许多地区新生儿死亡的主要原因，在可通过疫苗预防的疾病中，作为儿童死亡原因，在全球仅次于麻疹（1）。在埃及，尽管1973年就开始为孕妇接种破伤风类毒素（TT），但1986年的一项全国性调查估计，新生儿破伤风的死亡风险为每1000例活产中有7例（2）；1987年，只有9%的孕妇通过常规疫苗接种计划接种了至少两剂破伤风类毒素（TT2+）。因此，1988年，卫生部启动了一项积极的消除新生儿破伤风计划；该计划包括：1）1988 - 1993年期间每年针对孕妇开展全国性破伤风类毒素疫苗接种活动，以及2）1992 - 1994年期间在新生儿破伤风发病率最高的地区针对所有育龄妇女开展补充接种活动。本报告描述了埃及为消除新生儿破伤风所做的努力，这些努力使1988 - 1994年期间报告病例数下降了85%。
