Maruff P, Hay D, Malone V, Currie J
Neurophysiology and Neurovisual Research Unit, Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, Australia.
Neuropsychologia. 1995 Oct;33(10):1205-23. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(95)00037-4.
The presence of attentional asymmetries in patients with schizophrenia was investigated with particular emphasis on the effects of stage of disease, medication status and clinical symptom severity. A modified version of Posner's covert orienting of visual attention task (COVAT) which included both spatial and non-spatial cues was administered to six volunteer samples of subjects which consisted of (i) 15 unmedicated and acutely psychotic male subjects with schizophrenia, (ii) 15 male subjects with schizophrenia who had been receiving medication for 14-21 days, (iii) 10 chronic male schizophrenic subjects who had been receiving medication for at least two years, (iv) 10 acutely psychotic male subjects with non-schizophrenic psychoses, (v) 15 subjects with unilateral brain frontal lobe (n = 6) or parietal lobe (n = 9) lesions, (vi) and 15 male control subjects. Measures of saccadic and pursuit eye movements were also obtained from unmedicated and recently medicated subjects with schizophrenia. COVAT attentional asymmetries were present in unmedicated subjects with schizophrenia for the 150 msec stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). These asymmetries arose because reaction times (RTs) to right visual field targets were significantly slower than RTs to left visual field targets when targets followed invalid spatial or non-spatial cues. These asymmetries were qualitatively similar to those found in the patients with unilateral parietal lobe lesions. Attentional asymmetries partially resolved with brief periods of medication and completely resolved with long periods of medication. No asymmetries were found in controls nor in unmedicated subjects without schizophrenia. No asymmetries of ocular motor function were found. In schizophrenia, attentional asymmetries may reflect a deficit in the disengagement of visual attention from the right visual field and appear to be a stage marker for the disease. However this attentional deficit is dynamic and may reflect disruption to the neurocognitive network controlling attention at the level of the anterior cingulate cortex.
对精神分裂症患者注意力不对称现象进行了研究，特别关注疾病阶段、用药情况和临床症状严重程度的影响。对六个志愿者样本进行了Posner视觉注意隐蔽定向任务（COVAT）的改良版测试，该任务包括空间和非空间线索，六个样本分别为：（i）15名未用药的急性精神病性男性精神分裂症患者；（ii）15名接受药物治疗14 - 21天的男性精神分裂症患者；（iii）10名接受药物治疗至少两年的慢性男性精神分裂症患者；（iv）10名急性精神病性非精神分裂症男性患者；（v）15名单侧脑额叶（n = 6）或顶叶（n = 9）病变患者；（vi）15名男性对照受试者。还从未用药和近期用药的精神分裂症患者中获取了扫视和平稳跟踪眼球运动的测量数据。在未用药的精神分裂症患者中，对于150毫秒的刺激起始异步（SOA），COVAT注意力不对称现象存在。这些不对称现象的出现是因为当目标跟随无效的空间或非空间线索时，对右侧视野目标的反应时间（RTs）显著慢于对左侧视野目标的反应时间。这些不对称现象在性质上与单侧顶叶病变患者中发现的相似。注意力不对称现象在短期用药后部分得到缓解，长期用药后完全缓解。在对照组以及未患精神分裂症的未用药受试者中未发现不对称现象。未发现眼球运动功能的不对称现象。在精神分裂症中，注意力不对称可能反映了视觉注意力从右侧视野脱离的缺陷，似乎是该疾病的一个阶段标志物。然而，这种注意力缺陷是动态的，可能反映了在前扣带回皮层水平控制注意力的神经认知网络受到干扰。
