Ockenfels M C, Porter L, Smyth J, Kirschbaum C, Hellhammer D H, Stone A A
University of Trier, Germany.
Psychosom Med. 1995 Sep-Oct;57(5):460-7. doi: 10.1097/00006842-199509000-00008.
This study examined the effect of chronic stress associated with unemployment on the magnitude of salivary cortisol excretion, on the diurnal rhythm of cortisol, and on cortisol reactivity to acute naturalistic stressors using Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM). Employed (N = 60) and unemployed (N = 60) subjects were studied for 2 days. Subjects were beeped 6 times per day by a preprogrammed wristwatch to assess acute stressors; 25 minutes after each ESM-beep, subjects were beeped a second time for saliva samples. The groups did not differ in their overall cortisol excretion or in cortisol reactivity to acute daily stressors. Compared to employed subjects, unemployed subjects had a diurnal pattern of cortisol excretion with relatively higher morning and lower evening levels. Subjects' daily activities and their locations were associated with diurnal rhythm differences.
本研究采用经验取样法（ESM），考察了与失业相关的慢性应激对唾液皮质醇排泄量、皮质醇昼夜节律以及皮质醇对急性自然应激源反应性的影响。对60名在职者和60名失业者进行了为期2天的研究。通过预编程的手表每天对受试者发出6次提示音，以评估急性应激源；在每次ESM提示音后25分钟，再次发出提示音以便采集唾液样本。两组在总体皮质醇排泄或对急性日常应激源的皮质醇反应性方面没有差异。与在职者相比，失业者的皮质醇排泄昼夜模式呈现出上午水平相对较高、晚上水平较低的特点。受试者的日常活动及其所处位置与昼夜节律差异有关。
