Struciński P, Góralczyk K, Ludwicki J K
Zakładu Toksykologii Srodowiskowej Państwowego Zakładu Higieny w Warszawie.
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 1995;46(3):279-92.
The presence of persistent organochlorine compounds in the environment is defined as being of anthropogenic origin. They are the result of intentional production (pesticides, solvents, dielectric and hydraulic fluids, flame retardants etc.) as well as they are produced as unintentional by-products from many processes (incineration, pulp and paper production, use and production of chlorinated aromatic chemicals and PVC). Nowadays, they are recognized as one of the major classes of the contaminants in the environment because of their wide distribution and a high capacity to bioaccumulate in organisms--especially in higher levels of the trophic food chain. They have been also claimed to cause adverse effects on organisms and human. In the paper, the main classes of chlorinated hydrocarbons are presented, including pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins. The proposed degradative pathways--abiotic (photolysis, hydrolysis) as well as biotic (biotransformation by microorganisms and higher organisms, including human) are reviewed on the basis of current literature.
环境中持久性有机氯化合物的存在被定义为人为来源。它们是有意生产（农药、溶剂、介电液和液压油、阻燃剂等）的结果，也是许多过程（焚烧、纸浆和造纸生产、氯化芳香化学品和聚氯乙烯的使用和生产）产生的无意副产品。如今，由于它们分布广泛且在生物体中尤其是在较高营养级食物链中具有高生物累积能力，它们被认为是环境中的主要污染物类别之一。它们还被声称会对生物体和人类造成不利影响。本文介绍了主要的氯代烃类别，包括农药、多氯联苯和二恶英。基于当前文献，对提出的降解途径——非生物途径（光解、水解）以及生物途径（微生物和包括人类在内的高等生物的生物转化）进行了综述。
