Collins H L, DiCarlo S E
Department of Physiology, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown 44272, USA.
Am J Physiol. 1995 Dec;269(6 Pt 3):S4-31. doi: 10.1152/advances.1995.269.6.S4.
Diabetes, a syndrome characterized by high plasma glucose and low plasma insulin concentrations, is associated with somatic and autonomic neuropadiabetes as well as cardiac and vascular disorders. These consequences of diabetes significantly affect the organism's ability to maintain homeostasis. To understand the changes associated with diabetes, we developed a laboratory exercise that compares and contrasts the cardiovascular responses to exercise in an individual with diabetes and in an individual without diabetes. This exercise provides a unique opportunity to analyze, integrate, and interpret the changes associated with diabetes, since more is learned about how a system operated when the system is forced to perform than when it is idle. In this laboratory, anatomical and physiological data concerning diabetes are provided. Subsequently, a figure that illustrates the response of a specific cardiovascular variable during exercise (e.g., heart rate, cardiac output, blood pressure) is presented. Students are challenged to analyze and assimilate information from figures, answer questions, make calculations, fill in tables, and plot graphs. The laboratory does not require equipment or software, only rulers and pencils. The answers to the questions and tables are provided in the APPENDIX. Students obtain experience in evaluating and understanding diabetes as well as applying basic cardiovascular concepts. The emphasis is on the application of basic cardiovascular principles, interpretation of pictorial or tabular material, and problem-solving skills.
糖尿病是一种以高血糖和低血浆胰岛素浓度为特征的综合征，与躯体和自主神经病变以及心脏和血管疾病有关。糖尿病的这些后果显著影响机体维持内环境稳定的能力。为了了解与糖尿病相关的变化，我们开展了一项实验活动，比较和对比糖尿病患者与非糖尿病患者运动时的心血管反应。这项活动提供了一个独特的机会来分析、整合和解读与糖尿病相关的变化，因为当一个系统被迫运行时比它闲置时能了解到更多关于该系统如何运作的信息。在这个实验中，提供了有关糖尿病的解剖学和生理学数据。随后，展示了一张说明运动期间特定心血管变量（如心率、心输出量、血压）反应的图表。要求学生分析和吸收图表中的信息、回答问题、进行计算、填写表格并绘制图表。该实验不需要设备或软件，只需要尺子和铅笔。问题和表格的答案在附录中提供。学生在评估和理解糖尿病以及应用基本心血管概念方面获得经验。重点在于基本心血管原理的应用、对图片或表格材料的解读以及解决问题的能力。
