Roeden J M, Zitman F G
Institute for Mentally Retarded People, Huis ter Heide, The Netherlands.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 1995 Oct;39 ( Pt 5):399-407. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00544.x.
Seventy-one subjects with Down's syndrome (DS), between the ages of 29 and 68 years, and 46 matched controls (without DS) were examined for intelligence, memory (short- and long-term memory, and spatial and temporal orientation), communication (receptive, expressive and written language) and daily living skills (personal, domestic and community daily living skills). All subjects were screened on hearing and visual functions, thyroid functions, depression and dementia. DS-subjects and controls were matched on chronological age, mental age, living conditions and male/female ratio. Comparisons were made between five subgroups (1) non-demented institutionalized subjects with DS (DSi-group; n = 35); (2) non-demented institutionalized controls without DS (Ci-group; n = 22); (3) demented institutionalized subjects with DS (n = 10); (4) non-demented subjects with DS living in group homes (DSg; n = 26); and (5) non-demented controls without DS living in group homes (Cg; n = 24). Institutionalized and non-institutionalized subjects, as well as demented and non-demented subjects differed significantly on all functions measured. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the influence of age and sensory deficits on adaptive and cognitive functioning. In DSg subjects, significant associations were found between age and mental age, and between age and performances on written language. In (non-demented) DSi subjects, significant relations were found between age and memory functions observed in daily circumstances. Moreover, in the (non-demented) DSi elderly, visual impairment was significantly related to depressed performance on daily living skills. No age effects were seen in control subjects. Infirmities of old age like dementia and sensory deficits were far more common in people with DS than in controls. Psychiatric and diagnostic aspects of clinical depression and dementia were emphasized in particular.
对71名年龄在29至68岁之间的唐氏综合征（DS）患者以及46名匹配的对照者（无DS）进行了智力、记忆（短期和长期记忆、空间和时间定向）、沟通（接受性、表达性和书面语言）及日常生活技能（个人、家庭和社区日常生活技能）方面的检查。所有受试者均接受了听力和视觉功能、甲状腺功能、抑郁和痴呆方面的筛查。DS患者和对照者在实际年龄、心理年龄、生活条件及男女比例上进行了匹配。对五个亚组进行了比较：（1）非痴呆的住院DS患者（DSi组；n = 35）；（2）非痴呆的住院对照者（无DS）（Ci组；n = 22）；（3）痴呆的住院DS患者（n = 10）；（4）居住在集体之家的非痴呆DS患者（DSg组；n = 26）；（5）居住在集体之家的非痴呆对照者（无DS）（Cg组；n = 24）。住院和非住院受试者，以及痴呆和非痴呆受试者在所有测量功能上均存在显著差异。进行了多元回归分析以检验年龄和感觉缺陷对适应性和认知功能的影响。在DSg组受试者中，发现年龄与心理年龄之间以及年龄与书面语言表现之间存在显著关联。在（非痴呆的）DSi组受试者中，发现年龄与日常情况下观察到的记忆功能之间存在显著关系。此外，在（非痴呆的）DSi老年受试者中，视力损害与日常生活技能表现不佳显著相关。在对照受试者中未观察到年龄效应。痴呆和感觉缺陷等老年疾病在DS患者中比在对照者中更为常见。特别强调了临床抑郁和痴呆的精神科及诊断方面。
