[Hormonal response and adaptation to short-term exercise and training].

Physical exercise induces a mobilization of energy substrates in order to furnish fuel for metabolic pathways. A part of this regulation is under hormonal influences. A decrease in plasma insulin and an increase in catecholamines play a central role. It results an enhanced lipolysis. The increase in insulin sensitivity favours muscle glucose consumption in spite of hypoinsulinemia during exercise. These coordinated actions indicate that physical training is able to influence the mechanisms of type 2 diabetes with insulin resistance when the etiology of type 1 diabetes is not influenced by physical training. Physical exercise exerts a synergic effect with diet in the treatment of obesity but it is inefficient alone. The action of physical training on metabolic disease is related to the level and duration of training.