Sterckeman T, Gomez A, Ciesielski H
I.N.R.A., Laboratoire d'Analyses des Sols, Arras, France.
Sci Total Environ. 1996 Jan 19;178(1-3):63-9. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(95)04798-0.
In France today, analysis of soil and waste after digestion by strong acids is a technique used for the estimation of environmental risks due to soil pollution and spreading of wastes on cultivated soils. The technique of digestion by strong acid accounts for total or 'near total' content of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn. Risk management based on these methods aims to minimize the risks, since the concentration limits are derived from the geochemical levels. However, this method of analysis gives no idea of the extent to which elements are really transferable or bioavailable. Analytical methods based on partial extraction are used to discern deficiencies in B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in soil. These extractions are carried out using boiling water and EDTA or DTPA solutions. The extraction methods have been standardized for use in agriculture, but have not been tested for assessing the risks due to the pollution by trace elements. One partial extraction method has been standardized for the analysis of wastes. It uses successive water extractions. Researchers have studied different partial extraction methods for estimating the bioavailability of mineral pollutants. Some of them gave results which correlated well with the amounts taken up by plants. However, at present, no general frame of reference has yet been established for the interpretation of results on a broad scale.
在当今法国，对强酸消解后的土壤和废弃物进行分析是一种用于评估土壤污染及废弃物在耕地中扩散所带来的环境风险的技术。强酸消解技术能测定砷、镉、铬、铜、汞、镍、铅、硒和锌的总量或“近乎总量”。基于这些方法的风险管理旨在将风险降至最低，因为浓度限值源自地球化学水平。然而，这种分析方法无法得知元素实际可转移或生物可利用的程度。基于部分提取的分析方法用于识别土壤中硼、铜、铁、锰和锌的缺乏情况。这些提取是使用沸水以及乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）或二乙三胺五乙酸（DTPA）溶液进行的。这些提取方法已标准化用于农业，但尚未经过测试以评估微量元素污染带来的风险。有一种部分提取方法已标准化用于废弃物分析。它采用连续水提取。研究人员研究了不同的部分提取方法来估算矿物污染物的生物有效性。其中一些方法得出的结果与植物吸收量相关性良好。然而，目前尚未建立一个广泛适用的用于解释结果的通用参考框架。
