Reduced in-hospital mortality from acute myocardial infarction with general adoption of thrombolytic treatment in the North West Thames health region 1979-1991.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the impact of studies of thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction on inhospital mortality.

DESIGN

Retrospective study.

SETTING

All 21 major hospitals in the North West Thames health region.

PATIENTS

63,903 patients with acute myocardial infarction.

STUDY PERIOD

1979-1991.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

in-hospital mortality.

RESULTS

Overall mortality decreased by 5.2% from 25.4% to 20.2% (P < 0.0001) (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.4 to 6.6). Male mortality decreased by 6.5% from 22.3% to 15.8% (P < 0.0001) (95% CI 4.8 to 8.4); female mortality decreased by 4.3% from 32.6% to 28.3% (P < 0.01) (95% CI 1.3 to 7.4). Reductions in mortality occurred in all age and sex groups but were greater in younger patients. Logistic regression analysis of death rates showed that the odds ratio of death in 1991 compared with that in 1979 was 0.75 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.82). After allowing for the effects of age and sex, this odds ratio became 0.54 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.59), as more elderly patients were treated in 1991. Purchase of streptokinase increased 31-fold from 116 doses in 1983 to 3554 doses in 1991. There was a pronounced negative association between annual purchases of streptokinase and mortality (Kendall's rank correlation = -0.86, P = 0.003). Changes in clinical practice resulted in the saving of the lives of an estimated 600 patients with acute myocardial infarction in 1991. This extrapolates to an annual saving of 10,500 lives in the United Kingdom.

CONCLUSIONS

In the past few years thrombolytic treatment has been widely adopted for the management of acute myocardial infarction. This has been paralleled by a substantial reduction in in-hospital mortality.