Metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate opposite effects on periaqueductal gray matter.

Microinjections, into the dorso-lateral periaqueductal gray matter, of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA, 0.07-7 nmol/rat) significantly (P < 0.01) increased arterial blood pressure in a dose-related manner. Pretreatment, 5 min before NMDA (7 nmol/rat), in the same area with 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (2-APV, 5 nmol/rat), a selective antagonist of NMDA receptors, significantly (P < 0.01) reduced NMDA-induced arterial hypertension. trans-(+/-)-1-Amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (t-ACPD, 6-30 nmol/rat), an agonist of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu receptors), significantly (P < 0.01) decreased arterial blood pressure when microinjected into the dorsal-lateral periaqueductal gray matter. Pretreatment, 5 min before t-ACPD (30 nmol/rat), in the same area with L-2-amino-3-phosphono-propionate (L-AP-3, 30 nmol/rat), a putative antagonist of the mGlu receptors, was not able to prevent t-ACPD-induced hypotension. Microinjections of L-AP-3 (30 nmol/rat) induced a hypotension similar to the one obtained with t-ACPD at the dose of 6 nmol/rat. From these data we can suggest that mGlu receptors act inversely to the NMDA receptors in the dorso-lateral periaqueductal gray area and that L-AP-3 is a partial agonist rather than an antagonist of mGlu receptors within the periaqueductal gray area.