Coote J H
Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Birmingham, England.
Sports Med. 1995 Sep;20(3):148-59. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199520030-00003.
Acute mountain sickness (AMS) has long been recognised as a potentially life-threatening condition afflicting otherwise healthy normal individuals who ascend rapidly to high altitude where the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the air is reduce. The symptoms of AMS (e.g. headache, poor appetite and nausea, fatigue and weakness, dizziness or light-headedness and poor sleep) are probably a consequence of disturbances in fluid balance brought about by severe tissue hypoxia. AMS can be prevented by an adequately slow ascent, which is the best method, but for those with limited time there are several drug therapies that provide a relatively good protection. Acetazolamide (250 mg twice daily or 500 mg slow release once daily), taken before and during, ascent is probably the treatment of choice; it improves gas exchange and exercise performance and reduces the symptoms of AMS in most individuals. Dexamethasone (4 mg, 4 times daily) is more of value for short term treatment or prevention, and should never be used for more than 2 to 3 days. Prophylactic use of progesterone looks promising, but more studies are required.
急性高原病（AMS）长期以来一直被认为是一种潜在的危及生命的疾病，会影响原本健康的正常人，这些人迅速攀升到高海拔地区，那里空气中的氧分压（pO2）降低。急性高原病的症状（如头痛、食欲不振和恶心、疲劳和虚弱、头晕或眩晕以及睡眠不佳）可能是严重组织缺氧导致体液平衡紊乱的结果。通过足够缓慢的攀升可以预防急性高原病，这是最好的方法，但对于时间有限的人来说，有几种药物疗法能提供相对较好的保护。乙酰唑胺（每日两次，每次250毫克或每日一次，500毫克缓释剂），在攀升前及攀升期间服用，可能是首选治疗方法；它能改善气体交换和运动表现，并减轻大多数人的急性高原病症状。地塞米松（每日4次，每次4毫克）在短期治疗或预防中更具价值，且使用时间绝不应超过2至3天。预防性使用孕酮看起来很有前景，但还需要更多研究。
