Romero Pérez P, Mira Llinares A
Servicio de Urología, Hospital Marina Alta, Denia.
Actas Urol Esp. 1995 Jun;19(6):432-40.
This paper analyzes the renal and ureteral complications caused by urethral stenosis. A total of 180 patients with stenosis, 175 males and 5 females, were reviewed. There were 55 renal-ureteral complications in 37 patients (20.55%). In order of frequency, complications were as follows: renal failure (36%), ureterohydronephrosis (33%), chronic pyelonephritis (16%), vesico-ureteral reflux (11%), and post-obstructive renal annulment (4%). Most complications were reversible. However, renal function impairment was irreversible in 3 cases due to I.R.C., as well as in 2 cases due to post-obstructive renal atrophy-annulment. Nine patients showed chronic pyelonephritis morphological changes. Urinary infection occurred in 28 patients (76%), and in 50% of them was due to ureolytic germs. The best procedure to treat these complications is based on a correct prevention, eradicating the associated urinary infection and correcting the causative obstructive problem. Nonetheless, surgery was required in 5 patients (13.50%) and extracorporeal lithotripsy for the lithiasis associated to stenosis in other 5 patients (13.50%). We conclude that although those complications have a high incidence, their ultrasound diagnosis is easy and the prognosis reversible once the stenosis is corrected. Risk factors for development are: male sex, the sixth decade of life and a long evolution stenosis associated to urinary infection. Finally, a review of the scarce literature on this frequent but forgotten chapter of obstructive uropathy is made.
本文分析了尿道狭窄引起的肾脏和输尿管并发症。共回顾了180例狭窄患者,其中男性175例,女性5例。37例患者(20.55%)出现55例肾脏-输尿管并发症。按发生频率依次为:肾衰竭(36%)、输尿管肾盂积水(33%)、慢性肾盂肾炎(16%)、膀胱输尿管反流(11%)和梗阻后肾萎缩(4%)。大多数并发症是可逆的。然而,3例因缺血性肾萎缩以及2例因梗阻后肾萎缩-肾环化导致肾功能损害不可逆。9例患者出现慢性肾盂肾炎形态学改变。28例患者(76%)发生泌尿系统感染,其中50%是由尿素分解菌引起。治疗这些并发症的最佳方法是基于正确的预防措施,根除相关的泌尿系统感染并纠正引起梗阻的问题。尽管如此,5例患者(13.50%)需要手术治疗,另外5例患者(13.50%)因狭窄相关的结石接受了体外冲击波碎石术。我们得出结论,尽管这些并发症发生率较高,但一旦狭窄得到纠正,其超声诊断容易,预后可逆。并发症发生的危险因素包括:男性、60岁左右以及与泌尿系统感染相关的长期狭窄病程。最后,对这一常见但常被忽视的梗阻性尿路病章节的稀少文献进行了综述。