Solomon N P, Luschei E S, Liu K
Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-1012, USA.
J Voice. 1995 Dec;9(4):403-12. doi: 10.1016/s0892-1997(05)80202-4.
Electrical stimulation of the midbrain was used to elicit a variety of vocalizations from six anesthetized dogs. This study was conducted to investigate the ranges of and relationships between fundamental frequency of the vocalizations (F0) and tracheal pressure (Pt) produced during the vocalizations. The vocalizations were described according to type (growl, howl, and whine); F0 and Pt, as well as patterns of laryngeal muscle activity, were examined for each vocalization type. Natural-sounding growl and howl vocalizations were elicited from five dogs; three dogs also produced whines. With few exceptions, F0 was categorically different for the three vocalization types (low for growls, average for howls, very high for whines). Pt values overlapped for the three vocalization types, although, on average, howls were produced with greater Pt than growls. Patterns and degrees of laryngeal muscle activity varied across and within vocalization types, but general findings were consistent with the presumed function of most of the muscles. Laryngeal muscle activity may help explain some of the variability in the acoustic and aerodynamic data.
对六只麻醉犬进行中脑电刺激，以引发多种发声。进行这项研究是为了调查发声期间发声的基频（F0）与气管压力（Pt）之间的范围及关系。根据发声类型（咆哮、嚎叫和哀鸣）对发声进行描述；针对每种发声类型检查F0、Pt以及喉肌活动模式。五只犬发出了自然的咆哮和嚎叫；三只犬还发出了哀鸣声。除少数例外，三种发声类型的F0有明显差异（咆哮声的F0低，嚎叫声的F0平均，哀鸣声的F0非常高）。三种发声类型的Pt值有重叠，不过，平均而言，嚎叫时产生的Pt比咆哮时更大。喉肌活动的模式和程度在不同发声类型之间以及同一发声类型内有所不同，但总体结果与大多数肌肉的假定功能一致。喉肌活动可能有助于解释声学和空气动力学数据中的一些变异性。
