Richardson N J, Rogers P J, Elliman N A, O'Dell R J
Consumer Sciences Department, Institute of Food Research, Reading, United Kingdom.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1995 Oct;52(2):313-20. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(95)00029-v.
The mood and performance effects of caffeine deprivation (either 90 min, overnight, or at least 7 days) and ingestion (70 and 250 mg) were compared in young adults who were normally either moderate consumers (n = 49) or nonconsumers of caffeine (n = 18). Overnight caffeine deprivation produced dysphoric symptoms characteristic of caffeine withdrawal that were reduced, but still present, after longer-term abstinence. Acute caffeine intake affected the withdrawn consumers, nonwithdrawn consumers, and nonconsumers similarly. It increased jitteriness and decrease tiredness and headache. Furthermore, hand steadiness decreased as caffeine dose increased, whereas 70 mg, but not 250 mg, of caffeine was found to enhance performance on a simple reaction time task. These findings support the view that the negative effects experienced after overnight and longer-term caffeine deprivation play a significant role in influencing consumption of caffeine-containing drinks. Therefore, it would appear that to avoid the dysphoric symptoms resulting from both under- and overconsumption, regular caffeine consumers would have to regulate their caffeine intake fairly precisely.
在通常适度摄入咖啡因（n = 49）或不摄入咖啡因（n = 18）的年轻成年人中，比较了咖啡因剥夺（90分钟、过夜或至少7天）和摄入（70毫克和250毫克）对情绪和表现的影响。过夜咖啡因剥夺会产生咖啡因戒断的烦躁症状，长期 abstinence后这些症状虽有所减轻但仍存在。急性咖啡因摄入对戒断的消费者、未戒断的消费者和不摄入者的影响相似。它会增加紧张不安感，减轻疲劳和头痛。此外，手部稳定性随着咖啡因剂量的增加而降低，而70毫克而非250毫克的咖啡因被发现能提高简单反应时间任务的表现。这些发现支持了这样一种观点，即过夜和长期咖啡因剥夺后经历的负面影响在影响含咖啡因饮料的消费方面起着重要作用。因此，为了避免因摄入不足和过量而产生的烦躁症状，经常摄入咖啡因的消费者似乎必须相当精确地调节他们的咖啡因摄入量。
