Jablonka E, Oborny B, Molnár I, Kisdi E, Hofbauer J, Czárán T
Theoretical Biology Group of Collegium Budapest, Institute for Advanced Study, Hungary.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1995 Nov 29;350(1332):133-41. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1995.0147.
The adaptive value of carry-over effects, the persistence of induced phenotypes for several generations despite the change in the conditions that first induced these phenotypes, is studied in the framework of a simple model. Three different organismal strategies-non-inducible (genetic), completely inducible (plastic), and intermediate (carry-over)-are compared in fitness terms within three different environments. Analytical results and numerical simulations show that carry-over effects can have an advantage in stochastic environments even over organisms with high adaptive plasticity. We argue that carry-over effects represent an adaptive mechanism on the ecological timescale that fills the gap between short-term individual adaptations and long-term evolutionary adaptations. An extension of the concept of plasticity to incorporate the time dimension and include the stability of induced phenotypes through both clonal and sexual generations, is suggested.
我们在一个简单模型的框架内研究了遗留效应的适应性价值，即尽管最初诱导这些表型的条件发生了变化，但诱导表型仍会持续几代。在三种不同的环境中，从适应性角度比较了三种不同的生物体策略——非诱导型（遗传型）、完全诱导型（可塑性）和中间型（遗留型）。分析结果和数值模拟表明，即使在具有高适应性可塑性的生物体中，遗留效应在随机环境中也可能具有优势。我们认为，遗留效应代表了生态时间尺度上的一种适应性机制，它填补了短期个体适应和长期进化适应之间的空白。我们建议扩展可塑性的概念，纳入时间维度，并包括通过无性繁殖和有性繁殖世代诱导表型的稳定性。
