Overbosch D, Ledeboer M
Dept. of Tropical Medicine, Rode Kruis Ziekenhuis, Gravenhage, The Netherlands.
Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 1995;212:43-7. doi: 10.3109/00365529509090301.
Interest in imported tropical diseases has increased with the rising number of travellers to the tropics. This is especially true in the case of tropical gastroenterologic disorders. The causative organisms of chronic diarrhoea are different from those causing acute diarrhoea. Bacteria are relatively unusual; parasites, e.g. Entamoeba histolytica or Giardia lamblia or an opportunistic parasitic infestation associated with an HIV infection are more likely. Furthermore, non-infectious causes, such as postinfective tropical malabsorption, lactase deficiency or coeliac disease have to be considered. Today, elderly people often undertake a journey to the tropics; in these cases the diarrhoea may be associated not only with an increased susceptibility to tropical bowel infections but also with causes previously present, such as diverticulosis, carcinoma or inflammatory bowel disease. The classification of chronic diarrhoea following a visit to the tropics is essentially the same as that for acute diarrhoea: diarrhoea with and without fever and with and without blood. In addition, malabsorption is an important feature of chronic diarrhoea.
随着前往热带地区旅行者数量的增加,对输入性热带疾病的关注度也在上升。热带胃肠疾病尤其如此。慢性腹泻的致病生物与引起急性腹泻的不同。细菌相对不常见;寄生虫,如溶组织内阿米巴或蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫,或与艾滋病毒感染相关的机会性寄生虫感染更为常见。此外,还必须考虑非感染性原因,如感染后热带吸收不良、乳糖酶缺乏或乳糜泻。如今,老年人经常前往热带地区;在这些情况下,腹泻不仅可能与热带肠道感染易感性增加有关,还可能与先前存在的病因有关,如憩室病、癌症或炎症性肠病。热带地区旅行后慢性腹泻的分类与急性腹泻基本相同:有发热和无发热、有血和无血的腹泻。此外,吸收不良是慢性腹泻的一个重要特征。