Alfonso C P, Cowen B S, van Campen H
Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802-3500, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 1995 Apr;31(2):179-85. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-31.2.179.
A survey was conducted at two wildlife management areas of Pennsylvania (USA) to evaluate an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (AC-ELISA) for the detection of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in cloacal swabs from waterfowl and to determine the influenza A virus subtypes and the distribution of these viruses among waterfowl. We collected 330 cloacal swabs from hunter-killed waterfowl in the fall of 1990 and from cage-captured waterfowl in the summer of 1991. Thirty-one hemagglutinating agents were isolated by chicken embryo inoculation (CEI) of which 27 were influenza A viruses and four Newcastle disease viruses (NDV). The prevalence of AIV infection was 8.2%. Compared to CEI, AC-ELISA was only 15% sensitive and 61% specific. Based on the distribution of AIV by species of waterfowl, mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and American wigeons (Anas americana) were at equal risk of AIV infection even though most of the AIV isolates came from mallards. Although significant crude effects of sampling site and season on AIV recovery could be established, juvenile age was identified as the primary risk factor of AIV recovery. Twelve AIV subtypes were identified by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neuraminidase inhibition (NI) tests. The most prevalent subytpes were H4N8 and H6N8. We concluded that AC-ELISA was not useful for the detection of AIV in cloacal swabs from waterfowl and that CEI, HI, and NI tests remain as the method of choice for AIV screening in waterfowl. Based on the results AIV infected preferentially the young which represent the high risk group in waterfowl populations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
在美国宾夕法尼亚州的两个野生动物管理区进行了一项调查，以评估一种抗原捕获酶联免疫吸附测定（AC-ELISA）用于检测水禽泄殖腔拭子中的禽流感病毒（AIV），并确定甲型流感病毒亚型以及这些病毒在水禽中的分布情况。我们在1990年秋季从猎人捕杀的水禽以及1991年夏季从笼养捕获的水禽中收集了330份泄殖腔拭子。通过鸡胚接种（CEI）分离出31种血凝剂，其中27种为甲型流感病毒，4种为新城疫病毒（NDV）。AIV感染率为8.2%。与CEI相比，AC-ELISA的敏感性仅为15%，特异性为61%。根据AIV在水禽物种中的分布情况，绿头鸭（Anas platyrhynchos）和美国绿翅鸭（Anas americana）感染AIV的风险相同，尽管大多数AIV分离株来自绿头鸭。虽然可以确定采样地点和季节对AIV检出有显著的粗略影响，但幼年被确定为AIV检出的主要风险因素。通过血凝抑制（HI）和神经氨酸酶抑制（NI）试验鉴定出12种AIV亚型。最常见的亚型是H4N8和H6N8。我们得出结论，AC-ELISA对于检测水禽泄殖腔拭子中的AIV无用，CEI、HI和NI试验仍是水禽AIV筛查的首选方法。根据结果，AIV优先感染幼龄水禽，幼龄水禽是水禽种群中的高风险群体。（摘要截断于250字）
