[Trace elements in long-term total parenteral nutrition].

Deficiency symptoms of trace elements developed in patients receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) are as follows. [Zinc deficiency]: moist eczematoid dermatitis and alopetia are occurred in patients receiving TPN which not containing zinc. Plasma zinc level was very low. The response to intravenous zinc therapy is striking. [Copper deficiency]: anemie and neutropenia caused in patients receiving TPN which not containing copper. These abnormalities disappeared after copper therapy. [Manganese deficiency]: bone changes which thought to be due to manganese deficiency was observed in patient receiving TPN. [Selenium deficiency]: dilated cardiomyopathy resembles to Keshan disease was occurred in patients receiving TPN for long term. [Chromium deficiency]: TPN induced chromium deficiency developed characterized by peripheral neuropathy and glucose intolerance. [Molybudenum deficiency]: Amino acid intolerance due to molybudenum deficiency is occurred in patients receiving TPN. Requirement of trace elements for human adults from TPN estimated as follows. zinc: 3-4 mg/day, copper: 0.02-0.05 mg/day, iron: 1-2 mg/day, manganese: 0.15-0.80 mg/day, selenium: 0.02-0.05 mg/day, chromium: 0.01-0.015 mg/day, molybudenum: 0.075-0.250 mg/day and iodine: 0.070-0.140 mg/day.