Fowlkes J B, Emelianov S Y, Pipe J G, Skovoroda A R, Carson P L, Adler R S, Sarvazyan A P
Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0553, USA.
Med Phys. 1995 Nov;22(11 Pt 1):1771-8. doi: 10.1118/1.597633.
The relative success of manual palpation in the detection of breast cancer would suggest that a method for remote palpation resulting in a measurement of tissue elasticity could provide a diagnostic tool for detecting cancerous lesions deeper within the breast. This presumption is based in part on the excellent contrast between neoplastic and normal tissue due to the large (orders of magnitude) relative variation in the shear elastic modulus. By comparison, the bulk deformational modulus maintains the same value to within 20% for most soft tissues. A specific method of magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) which measures tissue displacements has been used in experiments with a phantom containing regions of increased Young's modulus as a demonstration. The spatial modulation of magnetization technique uses the displacement of a spatial grid pattern caused by spin saturation to track regional motion. Mathematical reconstruction of the distribution of elastic moduli is shown for select examples. Any modality, e.g., MRI, ultrasound, etc., which can detect local tissue motion with sufficient spatial resolution can be used and therefore the results presented here should give an indication of the utility of such motion tracking techniques to future measurement of tissue elasticity.
手动触诊在乳腺癌检测中的相对成功表明，一种能够进行远程触诊并测量组织弹性的方法可以为检测乳房深处的癌性病变提供一种诊断工具。这一推测部分基于肿瘤组织与正常组织之间的显著差异，这是由于剪切弹性模量存在较大（几个数量级）的相对变化。相比之下，大多数软组织的体积变形模量在20%的范围内保持相同的值。一种测量组织位移的磁共振成像（MRI）特定方法已用于含有杨氏模量增加区域的模型实验中作为演示。磁化空间调制技术利用自旋饱和引起的空间网格图案位移来跟踪区域运动。给出了选定示例的弹性模量分布的数学重建。任何能够以足够的空间分辨率检测局部组织运动的模态，例如MRI、超声等，都可以使用，因此这里给出的结果应该能够表明这种运动跟踪技术在未来组织弹性测量中的实用性。
