Haen E
Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Deutschland.
Wien Med Wochenschr. 1995;145(17-18):439-45.
Nocturnal coughing and/or asthmatic attacks may be observed in each asthmatic patient. These symptoms are so typical, that they may serve for early diagnosis of this disease. "Nocturnal asthma" is the consequence of an aggravation of the circadian variation in lung function that occurs also in healthy people. It goes back to a complex network of interacting neuro-humoral mechanisms with a high (bronchoconstricting) parasympathetic tone at night and a high (bronchodilating) sympathetic tone at daytime. There are many possible reasons for the pathological aggravation at night in an individual patient. The therapy of "nocturnal asthma" is based on a thorough inhibition of inflammation, being executed by the consequent therapy of the disease itself. Acute nocturnal attacks may be prevented best by oral theophylline in retarded drug formulations or by inhalation of long-acting beta-sympathomimetics just before going to bed.
每位哮喘患者都可能出现夜间咳嗽和/或哮喘发作。这些症状非常典型，可用于该疾病的早期诊断。“夜间哮喘”是肺功能昼夜变化加剧的结果，健康人也会出现这种情况。这可追溯到一个复杂的相互作用的神经-体液机制网络，夜间副交感神经张力高（支气管收缩），白天交感神经张力高（支气管扩张）。个体患者夜间病情加重有许多可能原因。“夜间哮喘”的治疗基于对炎症的彻底抑制，通过对疾病本身的后续治疗来实现。急性夜间发作最好通过口服缓释剂型的茶碱或睡前吸入长效β-交感神经兴奋剂来预防。
