De Kleijn D P, Van Herp F
Department of Animal Physiology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 1995 Dec;112(4):573-9. doi: 10.1016/0305-0491(95)00126-3.
Our knowledge concerning the primary structures of crustacean neuropeptides has been broadened considerably during the last few years and has greatly contributed to the successful application of molecular biological techniques to crustacean neuroendocrine research. In this review, we compare and discuss the preprohormones of the Red Pigment Concentrating Hormone (RPCH), the Pigment-Dispersing Hormone (PDH) and the different members of the Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormone, Molt-Inhibiting and Gonad-Inhibiting Hormone family (CHH/MIH/GIH peptide family), recently elucidated by cloning and sequencing of the respective cDNAs. Expression studies, using in situ hybridization, Northern blots and RNase protection assays, have demonstrated that the mRNAs encoding some of the aforementioned preprohormones (for example, preproPDH and preproCHH) are not only expressed in the eyestalk but also in other parts of the central nervous system. The combination of molecular biological techniques with (bio)chemical and immunochemical methods provides elegant tools to study neuropeptides at the level of mRNA and peptide in individual animals during different physiological conditions. The fundamental knowledge obtained by such a combined approach will give detailed insight into how neuropeptides are involved in the adaptation of Crustacea to a broad spectrum of natural and aquacultural conditions.
在过去几年中，我们关于甲壳类动物神经肽一级结构的知识有了显著扩展，这极大地推动了分子生物学技术在甲壳类动物神经内分泌研究中的成功应用。在这篇综述中，我们比较并讨论了红色素浓缩激素（RPCH）、色素分散激素（PDH）以及甲壳类高血糖激素、蜕皮抑制激素和性腺抑制激素家族（CHH/MIH/GIH肽家族）不同成员的前激素原，这些都是最近通过各自cDNA的克隆和测序得以阐明的。利用原位杂交、Northern印迹和核糖核酸酶保护分析进行的表达研究表明，编码上述一些前激素原（例如，前激素原PDH和前激素原CHH）的mRNA不仅在眼柄中表达，也在中枢神经系统的其他部位表达。分子生物学技术与（生物）化学和免疫化学方法的结合，为在不同生理条件下研究单个动物体内mRNA和肽水平的神经肽提供了精巧的工具。通过这种综合方法获得基础知识，将深入了解神经肽如何参与甲壳类动物对广泛自然和养殖条件的适应过程。
