Classification and diagnosis of periodontal diseases.

The classic periodontal diseases are gingivitis and periodontitis; there are, however, numerous and distinct types of both of these diseases. These types of diseases are distinguished by age of onset, clinical appearance, rate of disease progression, pathogenic microbial flora and systemic influences. Determining the type of periodontal disease a patient has requires a proper medical and dental history, a thorough periodontal examination and recording, and possible additional tests such as identification of subgingival flora and medical laboratory tests. Specific periodontal diagnosis will lead to more rational and efficient patient management.