Harder T C, Kenter M, Vos H, Siebelink K, Huisman W, van Amerongen G, Orvell C, Barrett T, Appel M J, Osterhaus A D
Department of Virology, Erasmus University, 3000 D R Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
J Gen Virol. 1996 Mar;77 ( Pt 3):397-405. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-77-3-397.
Specific pathogen free (SPF) domestic cats were inoculated with tissue homogenate obtained from a Chinese leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis) that had died in a North American zoo from a natural infection with canine distemper virus (CDV). The cats developed a transient cell-associated CDV viraemia along with pronounced lymphopenia but did not show any clinical symptoms. Plasma neutralizing-antibody titres against the homologous CDV (A92-27/4, isolated from the Chinese leopard) were consistently higher than against the CDV vaccine strain 'Bussell'. The Chinese leopard CDV isolate showed in vitro biological properties reminiscent of virulent, wild-type CDV strains. Sequence analysis of the H gene of two large felid CDV isolates from the USA (A92-27/4 and A92-6) revealed up to 10% amino acid changes including up to four additional potential N-linked glycosylation sites in the extra-cytoplasmic domain as compared to CDV vaccine strains. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the entire coding region of the H gene and a 388 bp fragment of the P gene of several morbillivirus species. Evidence was obtained that recent CDV isolates from different species in the United States (including isolates from large felids), Europe and Africa are significantly distinct from CDV vaccine strains. All wild-type CDV isolates analysed clustered according to geographical distribution rather than to host species origin. By sequence analysis a CDV epizootic among large felids in a Californian safari park was linked to a virus which most likely originated from feral non-felid carnivores.
将无特定病原体（SPF）的家猫接种从一只死于北美动物园的华南豹（Panthera pardus japonensis）身上获取的组织匀浆，该华南豹因自然感染犬瘟热病毒（CDV）而死亡。这些猫出现了短暂的与细胞相关的CDV病毒血症以及明显的淋巴细胞减少，但未表现出任何临床症状。针对同源CDV（从华南豹分离出的A92 - 27/4）的血浆中和抗体滴度始终高于针对CDV疫苗株“Bussell”的滴度。华南豹CDV分离株在体外的生物学特性让人联想到强毒的野生型CDV株。对来自美国的两个大型猫科动物CDV分离株（A92 - 27/4和A92 - 6）的H基因进行序列分析发现，与CDV疫苗株相比，其胞外结构域中氨基酸变化高达10%，包括多达四个额外的潜在N - 糖基化位点。使用几种麻疹病毒属物种的H基因全长编码区和P基因的388 bp片段进行系统发育分析。有证据表明，美国不同物种（包括大型猫科动物分离株）、欧洲和非洲的近期CDV分离株与CDV疫苗株有显著差异。所有分析的野生型CDV分离株根据地理分布聚类，而非宿主物种来源。通过序列分析，加利福尼亚一个野生动物园大型猫科动物中的一次CDV epizootic与一种最有可能源自野生非猫科食肉动物的病毒有关。
