Bentzen S M, Thames H D
Danish Cancer Society, Department of experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus, Denmark.
Acta Oncol. 1995;34(8):1031-40. doi: 10.3109/02841869509127230.
The therapeutic use of x-rays began almost immediately after their discovery by Röntgen, and within a few years two Swedish physicians could report the first successful treatment of human skin cancer by radiotherapy. Almost from the start it was clear that the biological effect of ionizing radiation depended critically on the exact distribution of the dose in time. The present paper reviews the historical development of dose-time concepts in radiotherapy as seen from a Nordic perspective. Among the topics reviewed are the discussion of single versus fractionated doses, Strandqvist's thesis and the development of power-law biological dose formulas, the effect of dose per fraction and of overall treatment time. It is only within the last 10-15 years that biologically and clinically important dissociation between the radiobiology of early- and late-responding human normal tissues has been appreciated. Biological developments have led to the proposal of altered fractionation schedules, hyperfractionation and accelerated fractionation, that are currently undergoing clinical trial.
X射线的治疗用途在被伦琴发现后几乎立即就开始了，几年内，两位瑞典医生就能报告首例通过放射疗法成功治疗人类皮肤癌的病例。几乎从一开始就很清楚，电离辐射的生物学效应关键取决于剂量在时间上的精确分布。本文从北欧视角回顾了放射治疗中剂量-时间概念的历史发展。所回顾的主题包括单次剂量与分次剂量的讨论、斯特兰德奎斯特的论文以及幂律生物剂量公式的发展、每次分次剂量和总治疗时间的影响。只是在过去10到15年里，人们才认识到早期和晚期反应的人类正常组织的放射生物学之间在生物学和临床上的重要差异。生物学的发展催生了改变分割方案、超分割和加速分割的提议，目前这些方案正在进行临床试验。
