与果胶相比，制粒、乳糖水平、聚乙二醇4000和瓜尔胶对鸡的生长性能、能量值以及乳糖、乳酸和水分损失的影响。

Effects of pelleting, lactose level, polyethylene glycol 4000, and guar gum compared to pectin on growth performances, energy values, and losses of lactose, lactic acid, and water in chickens.

作者信息

Carré B, Florès M P, Gomez J

机构信息

Station de Recherches Avicoles, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, France.

出版信息

Poult Sci. 1995 Nov;74(11):1810-9. doi: 10.3382/ps.0741810.

DOI:10.3382/ps.0741810

PMID:8614690

Abstract

Five mash and two pelleted diets were tested in broiler chickens (7 to 19 d). Mash diets consisted of a basal fraction diluted with either .5% pectin or .5% guar gum. Mash pectin and guar gum diets contained either 3% lactose (PL3m and GL3m diets, respectively) or 6% lactose (PL6m and GL6m diets, respectively). Compositions of pelleted diets (PL3p and GL3p) were those of PL3m and GL3m diets, respectively. All diets contained .5% polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG) except the PL3m0 diet. The latter diet differed from PL3m diet by the PEG content, only. The real applied viscosities of pectin and guar gum diets were 1.48 and 4.94 mL/g, respectively, No effect of PEG was detected on growth performances, and excreta losses of lactose, lactic acid, and water. No negative effect of guar gum compared to pectin was observed on body weight (19 d), except with pelleted diets (P < .05). Feed:gain ratios for guar gum diets were 7% higher (P < or = .001) that those of pectin diets. The AMEn values of guar gum diets were 4% lower (P < or = .001) than those of pectin diets. For mash diets, lactose digestibilities were lower (P < .05) with guar gum than with pectin. Increasing lactose level from 3 to 6% did not affect (P > .05) AMEn values, feed: gain ratios, and body weights (19 d) but reduced (P > .001) lactose digestibilities from 78 to 64%. The positive effects of pelleting on body weights (19 d) were much less pronounced with guar gum than with pectin (P < .05). The AMEn values of pelleted diets (PL3p) and GL3p) were, on average, 2.5% lower (P = .005) than their mash counterparts (PL3m and GL3m). Water losses related to feed intake were greater with guar gum than with pectin (P < .001) and with 6% lactose than with 3% (P = .001) but were not affected (P > .05) by pelleting. Lactic acid losses related to feed intake were increased by guar gum compared with pectin (P < .001), with more pronounced effects induced by high lactose level (P < .05) and pelleting (P < .05). In many respects, the effects of guar gum seemed similar to those observed in an acid liquid diarrhea.

摘要

在7至19日龄的肉鸡中对5种粉料和2种颗粒料日粮进行了测试。粉料日粮由用0.5%果胶或0.5%瓜尔胶稀释的基础部分组成。粉料果胶和瓜尔胶日粮分别含有3%乳糖（分别为PL3m和GL3m日粮）或6%乳糖（分别为PL6m和GL6m日粮）。颗粒料日粮（PL3p和GL3p）的组成分别与PL3m和GL3m日粮相同。除PL3m0日粮外，所有日粮均含有0.5%聚乙二醇4000（PEG）。后一种日粮与PL3m日粮的区别仅在于PEG含量。果胶和瓜尔胶日粮的实际应用粘度分别为1.48和4.94 mL/g。未检测到PEG对生长性能以及乳糖、乳酸和水分的排泄损失有影响。与果胶相比，未观察到瓜尔胶对体重（19日龄）有负面影响，但颗粒料日粮除外（P<0.05）。瓜尔胶日粮的料重比比果胶日粮高7%（P≤0.001）。瓜尔胶日粮的表观代谢能值比果胶日粮低4%（P≤0.001）。对于粉料日粮，瓜尔胶组的乳糖消化率低于果胶组（P<0.05）。将乳糖水平从3%提高到6%对表观代谢能值、料重比和体重（19日龄）没有影响（P>0.05），但使乳糖消化率从78%降低到64%（P>0.001）。与果胶相比，制粒对体重（19日龄）的积极影响在瓜尔胶组中不太明显（P<0.05）。颗粒料日粮（PL3p和GL3p）的表观代谢能值平均比其粉料对应日粮（PL3m和GL3m）低2.5%（P=0.005）。与果胶相比，瓜尔胶组与采食量相关的水分损失更大（P<0.001），6%乳糖组比3%乳糖组更大（P=0.001），但制粒对其没有影响（P>0.05）。与果胶相比，瓜尔胶增加了与采食量相关的乳酸损失（P<0.001），高乳糖水平（P<0.05）和制粒（P<0.05）诱导的影响更明显。在许多方面，瓜尔胶的影响似乎与酸性液体腹泻中观察到的影响相似。