Ratajczyk-Drobna E
Katedry i Zakładu Fizjologii Pomorskiej Akademii Medycznej w Szczecinie.
Ann Acad Med Stetin. 1995;41:87-108.
Applied methods of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) estimation can be generally divided into direct ones, based on oxygen uptake measured at maximal load level, and indirect ones, connected with submaximal load levels. It has been observed that maximal oxygen uptake in adults and people well adapted to physical exercise undergoes only small changes, whereas reaction of the circulatory system at submaximal load is variable and may influence the results achieved by indirect methods of oxygen uptake estimation, based on referring heart rate to the load level. Maximal oxygen uptake values measured directly were compared with foreseen values using two indirect methods: Astrand-Rhyming nomogram and von Döbeln formula. Studies were performed in highly qualified oarsmen, cyclists and swimmers (Tb. 1), representatives of sport disciplines significantly different as far as the type of physical exercise is concerned, which may cause different developing adaptation mechanisms. In groups we carried out spiroergometric test which can provide reports of the patient's heart rates (HR) and direct measurements of oxygen uptake (VO2) in steady state at different load levels. At the maximal exercise load we measured VO2max and HRmax. HR values were used to estimate VO2max by indirect methods. Following questions have been asked: 1. What is the convergence between VO2max values measured directly and those estimated by Astrand-Rhyming and von Döbeln methods? 2. What is the diagnostic usefulness of the indirect VO2max estimation in highly qualified groups of sportsmen? At the end of the test VO2max values were in oarsmen 5.139 +/- 0.06 1/min, in cyclists 5.085 +/- 0.05 l/min, in swimmers 4.689 +/- 0.01 l/min. Average VO2max values in indirect Astrand-Rhyming method (Tab. 2) in all groups estimated using HR values taken at lower exercise loads (100 W, 150 W, 200 W), were statistically lower than those measured directly (P < 0.01, P < 0.001, while values taken at 250 W were situated close to. VO2max estimated directly and indirectly being correlated in oarsmen at 200 W (0.316 < r < 0.411), in cyclists at 150 W and 200 W (0.343 < r < 0.599), and in swimmers at 150 W and 200 W--only for A3-VO2max (r = 0.3 and r = 0.37). Maximal oxygen uptake estimated by using von Döbeln formula (Tab. 3) was in all cases significantly lower (P < 0.001) then measured (values ranged from 72% to 79% VO2max of those measured directly). Significant correlation was observed at all applied exercise loads in oarsmen and cyclists (0.284 < r < 0.597) and in swimmers only at 200 W and 250 W (0.245 < r < 0.370).
最大摄氧量（VO₂max）的评估方法通常可分为基于最大负荷水平下测得的摄氧量的直接方法和与次最大负荷水平相关的间接方法。据观察，成年人以及适应体育锻炼的人的最大摄氧量变化很小，而次最大负荷下循环系统的反应是可变的，这可能会影响基于心率与负荷水平关系的间接摄氧量评估方法所得到的结果。使用两种间接方法（阿斯特兰德 - 瑞明诺模图法和冯·德贝尔恩公式）将直接测得的最大摄氧量值与预测值进行了比较。研究对象为高水平的划桨手、自行车运动员和游泳运动员（表1），这些体育项目的代表在体育锻炼类型方面差异显著，这可能导致不同的适应性发展机制。我们对这些人群进行了运动心肺功能测试，该测试可以提供患者在不同负荷水平下的心率（HR）报告以及稳态下摄氧量（VO₂）的直接测量值。在最大运动负荷时，我们测量了VO₂max和HRmax。通过间接方法利用HR值来估算VO₂max。提出了以下问题：1. 直接测得的VO₂max值与通过阿斯特兰德 - 瑞明诺法和冯·德贝尔恩法估算的VO₂max值之间的一致性如何？2. 间接VO₂max评估在高水平运动员群体中的诊断效用如何？测试结束时，划桨手的VO₂max值为5.139±0.06升/分钟，自行车运动员为5.085±0.05升/分钟，游泳运动员为4.689±0.01升/分钟。在所有组中，使用较低运动负荷（100瓦、150瓦、200瓦）时测得的HR值通过间接阿斯特兰德 - 瑞明诺法（表2）估算的平均VO₂max值在统计学上低于直接测量值（P < 0.01，P < 0.001），而在250瓦时测得的值接近直接测得的值。在划桨手中，200瓦时直接和间接估算的VO₂max相关（0.316 < r < 0.411）；在自行车运动员中，150瓦和200瓦时相关（0.343 < r < 0.599）；在游泳运动员中，150瓦和200瓦时相关——仅对于A3 - VO₂max（r = 0.3和r = 0.37）。使用冯·德贝尔恩公式（表3）估算的最大摄氧量在所有情况下均显著低于测量值（P < 0.001）（值范围为直接测量值的VO₂max的72%至79%）。在划桨手和自行车运动员的所有应用运动负荷下均观察到显著相关性（0.284 < r < 0.597），在游泳运动员中仅在200瓦和250瓦时观察到显著相关性（0.245 < r < 0.370）。
