Acebo C, Millman R P, Rosenberg C, Cavallo A, Carskadon M A
Sleep and Chronobiology Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, E.P. Bradley Hospital/Brown University, East Providence, RI 02915, USA.
Chest. 1996 Mar;109(3):664-72. doi: 10.1378/chest.109.3.664.
Aims were (1) to provide normative values for sleep and sleep-related breathing variables and physical features (cephalometrics, body mass index [BMI], and tonsillar size) in older children/adolescents and young adults, (2) to describe sex and age group differences, and (3) to evaluate relationships between physical features and sleep-related breathing variables.
Standard polysomnographic variables describing sleep and breathing were measured during a single night. Cephalometric measures were obtained from a standing lateral skull radiograph.
Normal, healthy boys (n=23; mean age=13.3+/-2.1 years), girls (n=22; mean age =13.8+/-1.8 years), men (n=23; mean age=22.2+/-1.5 years), and women (n=24; mean age=22.4+/-1.8 years) with BMI less than 27 were evaluated.
Sleep variables showed age group and sex differences consistent with published norms. Slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) latency declined with age; transient arousals increased with age. Sleep-related breathing variables showed few changes related to age group or sex; small but statistically significant sex differences were found for arterial oxygen saturation nadir (lower in male subjects) and respiration disturbance index in non-REM sleep (greater in male subjects). Differences in cephalometric measures largely reflected normal growth and expected sex differences. No significant relationships between sleep-related breathing variables and physical findings were observed.
These data provide well-controlled normative values for sleep, breathing, and cephalometrics in a group of normal older children, adolescents, and young adults. The data provide useful reference points for patients of these ages in whom sleep apnea is suspected, particularly since such clinical studies are normally based on first-night polysomnography. Furthermore, these values represent developmentally appropriate grouping of the data.
目标如下：（1）为大龄儿童/青少年及青年成人的睡眠、睡眠相关呼吸变量和身体特征（头影测量、体重指数[BMI]和扁桃体大小）提供标准值；（2）描述性别和年龄组差异；（3）评估身体特征与睡眠相关呼吸变量之间的关系。
在单夜睡眠期间测量描述睡眠和呼吸的标准多导睡眠图变量。头影测量数据取自站立位头颅侧位X线片。
对BMI小于27的正常健康男孩（n = 23；平均年龄 = 13.3±2.1岁）、女孩（n = 22；平均年龄 = 13.8±1.8岁）、男性（n = 23；平均年龄 = 22.2±1.5岁）和女性（n = 24；平均年龄 = 22.4±1.8岁）进行了评估。
睡眠变量显示出与已发表标准一致的年龄组和性别差异。慢波睡眠和快速眼动（REM）潜伏期随年龄下降；短暂觉醒随年龄增加。睡眠相关呼吸变量随年龄组或性别变化不大；在动脉血氧饱和度最低点（男性受试者较低）和非快速眼动睡眠中的呼吸紊乱指数（男性受试者较高）方面发现了微小但具有统计学意义的性别差异。头影测量的差异在很大程度上反映了正常生长和预期的性别差异。未观察到睡眠相关呼吸变量与身体检查结果之间存在显著关系。
这些数据为一组正常的大龄儿童、青少年和青年成人的睡眠、呼吸和头影测量提供了严格控制的标准值。这些数据为疑似睡眠呼吸暂停的这些年龄段患者提供了有用的参考点，特别是因为此类临床研究通常基于首夜多导睡眠图。此外，这些值代表了数据在发育上的适当分组。
