Cheng K, Spetch M L, Miceli P
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1996 Apr;22(2):175-82. doi: 10.1037//0097-7403.22.2.175.
Pigeons and humans performed on a task in which spatial position and elapsed time redundantly signaled the availability of reward. On each training trial, a landmark moved steadily across a monitor screen. After a fixed amount of time and movement, reward was available for a response. On occasional unrewarded tests, the landmark moved at 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.50, or 2.00 times the training speed. In both pigeons and humans, the central tendency in the response distribution on tests differed across speeds, when measured in terms of both elapsed time and landmark position. Pigeons and humans seem to average a duration of time and a spatial position to find a single criterion time-place corresponding to the expected time-place of reward.
鸽子和人类执行了一项任务，其中空间位置和经过的时间都冗余地表明了奖励的可用性。在每次训练试验中，一个地标在监视器屏幕上稳定移动。经过固定的时间和移动量后，做出反应就可以获得奖励。在偶尔的无奖励测试中，地标以训练速度的0.50、0.75、1.00、1.50或2.00倍移动。在鸽子和人类中，当根据经过的时间和地标位置来衡量时，测试中反应分布的中心趋势在不同速度下有所不同。鸽子和人类似乎会对一段时间和一个空间位置进行平均，以找到与预期奖励时间地点相对应的单一标准时间地点。
