Kirby R
Veterinary Institute of Trauma, Emergency and Critical Care, Animal Emergency Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1995 Nov;25(6):1365-86. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(95)50159-7.
The administration of blood or its components can provide the life-saving element for a critically ill small animal patient. Shock from acute massive hemorrhage produces catastrophic cardiovascular changes requiring rapid, accurate resuscitation techniques for survival. Bleeding that occurs more slowly allows for the opportunity to discover and treat the inciting cause and to administer specific blood component.