Dogheim S M, Gad Alla S A, el-Saied S, Emel S Y, Mohsen A M, Fahmy S M
Ministry of Agriculture, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Dokki, Egypt.
J AOAC Int. 1996 Jan-Feb;79(1):111-6.
Pesticide residues in human milk and environmental samples from Kafr El-Zayat Governorate in Egypt were analyzed. This governorate is located near one of the biggest pesticide factories in Egypt. Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides were monitored, including those that have been prohibited from use in Egypt. Human milk samples (31 samples) from Kafr El-Zayat were compared with 11 samples collected from Cairo. Data were compared with results from studies performed in 1987 and 1990. The present study showed that aldrin and dieldrin, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide, and endrin residues have been eliminated from human milk. Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of DDT complex and gamma-HCH by breast-fed infants in Kafr El-Zayat were 85.96 and 3.1% of the respective acceptable daily intakes (ADIs). beta-HCH residues showed an increasing pattern, especially in human milk samples from Cairo. DDT complex and HCH isomers in orange, spinach, lettuce, potatoes, and clover samples ranged from undetectable to very low concentrations. Higher levels of DDT and HCH were detected, but aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, and the heptachlors were not detected in food of animal origin. Residues in fish samples were below maximum residue limits established by some developed countries. Those in animal milk samples approached the extraneous residue limits of the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues. HCH residues in soil were negligible, but DDT residues in soil were somewhat higher. Among water samples, groundwater samples had the highest residues of HCHs and DDTs, followed by Nile River water and then tap water. However, the organochlorine pesticide residues were found at concentrations below the maximum allowable limits set by the World Health Organization for drinking water. Among 12 organophosphorus pesticides monitored as parent compounds, dimethoate, malathion, methamidophos, and chlorpyrifos residues were detected in low concentrations in soil samples from a pesticide factory. No organophosphorus pesticide residues were found in plant samples, except for very low residues of dimethoate in an orange sample. Water samples were devoid of organophosphorus residues as parent compounds.
对埃及卡夫尔宰亚特省人乳及环境样本中的农药残留进行了分析。该省位于埃及最大的农药厂之一附近。对有机氯和有机磷农药进行了监测，包括那些已被埃及禁止使用的农药。将来自卡夫尔宰亚特的人乳样本（31份样本）与从开罗收集的11份样本进行了比较。数据与1987年和1990年进行的研究结果进行了对比。本研究表明，艾氏剂、狄氏剂、七氯和七氯环氧物以及异狄氏剂残留已从人乳中消除。卡夫尔宰亚特母乳喂养婴儿的滴滴涕复合物和γ-六氯环己烷的估计每日摄入量（EDI）分别为各自可接受每日摄入量（ADI）的85.96%和3.1%。β-六氯环己烷残留呈上升趋势，尤其是在开罗的人乳样本中。橙子、菠菜、生菜、土豆和三叶草样本中的滴滴涕复合物和六氯环己烷异构体浓度范围从检测不到到非常低。检测到较高水平的滴滴涕和六氯环己烷，但在动物性食品中未检测到艾氏剂、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂和七氯。鱼类样本中的残留低于一些发达国家规定的最大残留限量。动物奶样本中的残留接近农药残留法典委员会的外来残留限量。土壤中的六氯环己烷残留可忽略不计，但土壤中的滴滴涕残留略高。在水样中，地下水样中六氯环己烷和滴滴涕的残留最高，其次是尼罗河水，然后是自来水。然而，所发现的有机氯农药残留浓度低于世界卫生组织规定的饮用水最大允许限量。在作为母体化合物监测的12种有机磷农药中，在一家农药厂的土壤样本中检测到低浓度的乐果、马拉硫磷、甲胺磷和毒死蜱残留。除橙子样本中极低的乐果残留外，在植物样本中未发现有机磷农药残留。水样中没有作为母体化合物的有机磷残留。
