Okuda K
Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, Japan.
Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 1994 Aug;35(3):107-19.
Dental plaque bacteria cause virtually all the forms of inflammatory periodontal disease. Periodontitis is caused by the specific periodontopathic bacteria, which induce destruction of connective tissue attachment and adjacent alveolar bone. Examinations to identify the infections by Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, Bacteroides forsythus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Eikenella corrodens and Treponema denticola have recently become essential in diagnosis of periodontal disease. Bacterial examination permits (1) identification of the causative bacteria, (2) assessment of disease activity and (3) monitoring of the effective of periodontal treatments. The author describes details of accurate and rapid methods for detecting periodontopathogens. Transmission of periodontopathic bacteria as clarified by bacterial examination is also discussed in this review. The pathogenic potential of specific bacteria varies among patients and periodontally healthy individuals and can be controlled by host defense mechanisms such as immune responses. The roles of immune responses against periodontopathic bacteria in balance shifts of periodontal disease processes are therefore also discussed in this review.
牙菌斑细菌几乎会引发所有类型的炎症性牙周疾病。牙周炎是由特定的牙周病原菌引起的，这些病原菌会导致结缔组织附着及相邻牙槽骨的破坏。检测牙龈卟啉单胞菌、伴放线放线杆菌、中间普氏菌、直肠弯曲菌、福赛坦氏菌、具核梭杆菌、腐蚀埃肯菌和齿垢密螺旋体感染的检查，近来已成为牙周疾病诊断的关键。细菌检查有助于：（1）识别病原菌；（2）评估疾病活动度；（3）监测牙周治疗的效果。作者阐述了检测牙周病原菌的准确且快速方法的细节。本综述还讨论了通过细菌检查所明确的牙周病原菌传播情况。特定细菌的致病潜力在患者和牙周健康个体中存在差异，并且可由免疫反应等宿主防御机制加以控制。因此，本综述也讨论了针对牙周病原菌的免疫反应在牙周疾病进程平衡变化中的作用。
