Subacute rupture of the left ventricular free wall after acute myocardial infarction. Three cases of long-term survival without emergency surgical repair.

Rupture of the left ventricular free wall after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been regarded as uniformly fatal unless emergency surgical repair is performed. Among 2,862 patients admitted with AMI to our ICU during the last 8 years, 107 patients developed rupture of the left ventricular free wall. Twenty-nine patients had a subacute course and three of them survived for prolonged periods without having to have emergency surgical repair. At the onset of rupture on day 1 through 7 after AMI, the three survivors developed sudden hypotension accompanied by a new pericardial effusion. They were initially managed with hemodynamic support. Two patients had elective open-heart surgery 2 to 3 months after AMI, whereas one patient did nt require surgery. All three survived 1 1/2 to 8 1/2 years after AMI. This report indicates that a small subset of patients with subacute ventricular free wall rupture has a benign course that may allow for prolonged survival without having to have emergency surgical repair.