Deamer R L, Dial L K
UCLA School of Medicine, Ventura County Medical Center, California, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 1996 Apr;53(5):1782-6.
After five decades of clinical use, aminoglycosides continue to be important antibiotics in the management of gram-negative infections. However, antimicrobial therapy with gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin and netilmicin has been complicated by the risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Considerable research has been conducted to determine the optimal aminoglycoside dosing method that will produce maximum efficacy with minimal toxicity. Experimental data and clinical experience suggest that aminoglycoside regimens modified from standard dosing (every eight to 12 hours) to once-daily dosing may provide improved clinical outcomes, with reduced toxicity and cost of therapy. Gentamicin, tobramycin and netilmicin may be administered in single daily dosages ranging from 4 to 7 mg per kg, and amikacin may be given in a dosage of 15 to 20 mg per kg once daily.
经过五十年的临床应用，氨基糖苷类药物仍然是治疗革兰氏阴性菌感染的重要抗生素。然而，使用庆大霉素、妥布霉素、阿米卡星和奈替米星进行抗菌治疗时，会因肾毒性和耳毒性风险而变得复杂。已经进行了大量研究以确定最佳的氨基糖苷类药物给药方法，该方法能在毒性最小的情况下产生最大疗效。实验数据和临床经验表明，从标准给药方案（每八至十二小时一次）改为每日一次给药的氨基糖苷类治疗方案可能会改善临床结果，同时降低毒性和治疗成本。庆大霉素、妥布霉素和奈替米星的每日单次剂量可为每千克体重4至7毫克，阿米卡星的剂量可为每千克体重15至20毫克，每日一次。
