Brandt B T, DeAntonio P, Dezort M A, Eyman L M
Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Oncol Nurs Forum. 1996 Jan-Feb;23(1):29-36; quiz 37-8.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To review an innovative, potentially curative surgical approach for the treatment of select patients with colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver.
Published articles and reported and unreported research results.
The liver is the primary site of recurrence in 60%-80% of patients who develop recurrent disease following resection of the colorectal primary cancer. Less than 25% of patients with liver metastases are candidates for hepatic resection because of the location or number of liver metastases. Hepatic cryosurgery provides a viable treatment option for some patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal carcinoma confined to the liver, including patients with bilobar and multiple lesions.
Because colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer mortality in the United States, interventions that improve survival rates are an important focus of care. With knowledge of patient selection criteria and implications of hepatic cryosurgery, informed oncology nurses are resources for patients contemplating this therapy.
Preoperative evaluation and postoperative nursing care focus on careful assessment, education, and interventions aimed at preventing and detecting complications unique to hepatic cryosurgery. Knowledge of hepatic cryosurgery as a treatment option for colorectal liver metastases, patient selection criteria, and related implications allows oncology nurses to serve as resources for patients and families considering this therapy.
目的/目标：回顾一种创新的、可能具有治愈性的手术方法，用于治疗部分发生肝转移的结直肠癌患者。
已发表的文章以及已报道和未报道的研究结果。
在结直肠癌原发灶切除术后出现复发疾病的患者中，60%-80%的患者肝脏是复发的主要部位。由于肝转移的位置或数量，不到25%的肝转移患者适合进行肝切除。肝冷冻手术为一些局限于肝脏的无法切除的转移性结直肠癌患者提供了一种可行的治疗选择，包括双侧和多发病变的患者。
由于结直肠癌是美国癌症死亡的第二大常见原因，提高生存率的干预措施是护理的一个重要重点。了解患者选择标准和肝冷冻手术的影响后，知识渊博的肿瘤学护士可为考虑这种治疗的患者提供帮助。
术前评估和术后护理重点在于仔细评估、教育以及旨在预防和检测肝冷冻手术特有的并发症的干预措施。了解肝冷冻手术作为结直肠癌肝转移的一种治疗选择、患者选择标准及相关影响，使肿瘤学护士能够为考虑这种治疗的患者及其家属提供帮助。
