Lundberg A
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996 Feb;114(2):227-31. doi: 10.1016/S0194-59989670172-9.
Psychological and toxic effects of air pollution can lead to psychiatric symptoms, including anxiety and changes in mood, cognition, and behavior. Increased levels of some air pollutants are accompanied by an increase in psychiatric admissions and emergency calls and, in some studies, by changes in behavior and a reduction in psychological well-being. Numerous toxic pollutants interfere with the development and adult functioning of the nervous system. Manifestations are often insidious or delayed, but they can provide a more sensitive indicator of toxic effects than cancer rates or mortality data. Other medical effects of air pollution, such as asthma, can indirectly affect psychological health. The sick building syndrome and multiple chemical sensitivity are conditions with toxicologic and psychiatric aspects. Psychosocial stress can cause symptoms similar to those of organic mental disorders. Reactions to stress depend on cultural, individual, and situational variables. We must understand these factors to be able to alleviate and prevent the consequences of environmental trauma. Expanded research is recommended in three main areas: (1) how people perceive and cope with environmental health risks, (2) the effects of air pollution on behavior and neuropsychological functioning, and (3) neurotoxicologic evaluation of air pollutants with both behavioral and in vitro studies.
空气污染的心理和毒性作用可导致精神症状，包括焦虑以及情绪、认知和行为的变化。某些空气污染物水平的升高伴随着精神科住院人数和急救电话的增加，并且在一些研究中，还伴随着行为变化和心理健康水平的下降。许多有毒污染物会干扰神经系统的发育和成人功能。其表现往往隐匿或延迟出现，但与癌症发病率或死亡率数据相比，它们可能是毒性作用更敏感的指标。空气污染的其他医学影响，如哮喘，可间接影响心理健康。病态建筑综合征和多重化学敏感性是具有毒理学和精神科方面的病症。心理社会压力可导致与器质性精神障碍类似的症状。对压力的反应取决于文化、个体和情境变量。我们必须了解这些因素，以便能够减轻和预防环境创伤的后果。建议在三个主要领域开展进一步研究：（1）人们如何感知和应对环境健康风险；（2）空气污染对行为和神经心理功能的影响；（3）通过行为研究和体外研究对空气污染物进行神经毒理学评估。
