Strange K, Emma F, Jackson P S
Critical Care Research Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Childrens Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Am J Physiol. 1996 Mar;270(3 Pt 1):C711-30. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.1996.270.3.C711.
Maintenance of a constant cell volume in the face of osmotic stress is an evolutionarily ancient homeostatic process. Over the last two decades physiologists have gained an impressive understanding of the "volume-sensitive" channels, cotransporters, exchangers, metabolic pathways, and genes that are responsible for modulating intracellular solute content and cell volume. This review focuses on one part of this story, the characteristics and osmoregulatory functions of volume-sensitive anion channels. Three distinct types of swelling-activated anion channels have been observed and studied extensively in animal cells. These channels include 1) ClC-2, which is a member of the ClC family of voltage-gated anion channels, 2) an outwardly rectifying intermediate conductance channel, and 3) a large-conductance or "maxi" channel. In addition to these three channels, several other less well-characterized anion channels have been observed. This review discusses the electrophysiological and molecular biological characteristics and regulation of these channels. The possible roles different types of anion channels might play in cell volume homeostasis are also discussed.
在面对渗透应激时维持细胞体积恒定是一个进化上古老的稳态过程。在过去二十年中，生理学家对负责调节细胞内溶质含量和细胞体积的“容积敏感性”通道、协同转运蛋白、交换体、代谢途径和基因有了令人印象深刻的认识。本综述聚焦于这个过程的一部分，即容积敏感性阴离子通道的特性和渗透调节功能。在动物细胞中已观察到并广泛研究了三种不同类型的肿胀激活阴离子通道。这些通道包括：1）ClC-2，它是电压门控阴离子通道ClC家族的成员；2）外向整流型中间电导通道；3）大电导或“最大”通道。除了这三种通道外，还观察到了其他几种特征不太明确的阴离子通道。本综述讨论了这些通道的电生理和分子生物学特性及调节。还讨论了不同类型阴离子通道在细胞体积稳态中可能发挥的作用。
