Calvo M S, Park Y K
Office of Special Nutritionals, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA.
J Nutr. 1996 Apr;126(4 Suppl):1168S-80S. doi: 10.1093/jn/126.suppl_4.1168S.
The dietary intake of phosphorus in the United States is high relative to calcium. Intake estimates from the 1989-1991 Continuing Surveys of Food Intakes by Individuals conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture show that for both men and women, median calcium intakes do not meet the 1989 Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for most age groups over 10 y of age, whereas phosphorus intakes exceed the RDAs for most age groups. The use of phosphorus-containing food additives in the processing of foods contributes substantially to the daily phosphorus intake, and their use is increasing. Because much of the phosphorus through food additive use is not reflected in the estimates of phosphorus intakes derived from national food consumption surveys, these estimates underestimate true dietary intakes of phosphorus. High phosphorus intake has been shown to cause secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone loss in several animal models. High phosphorus, low calcium consumption consistent with current observed intake levels resulted in changes in calcium-regulating hormones that were not conducive to optimizing peak bone mass in young women. Evidence that such high phosphorus intakes may impair synthesis of the active metabolite of vitamin D and disrupt calcium homeostasis particularly in older women are discussed.
在美国，相对于钙而言，磷的膳食摄入量较高。美国农业部在1989 - 1991年进行的个人食物摄入量持续调查中的摄入量估计表明，对于男性和女性来说，大多数10岁以上年龄组的钙摄入量中位数未达到1989年推荐膳食摄入量（RDA），而磷摄入量超过了大多数年龄组的RDA。在食品加工过程中使用含磷食品添加剂极大地增加了每日磷摄入量，并且其使用量正在增加。由于通过使用食品添加剂摄入的大量磷并未反映在源自全国食物消费调查的磷摄入量估计中，这些估计低估了膳食中磷的实际摄入量。在多个动物模型中，高磷摄入量已被证明会导致继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进和骨质流失。与当前观察到的摄入量水平一致的高磷、低钙消耗导致钙调节激素发生变化，这不利于年轻女性优化峰值骨量。本文讨论了高磷摄入量可能会损害维生素D活性代谢物的合成并破坏钙稳态的证据，尤其是在老年女性中。
