Demmig-Adams B, Gilmore A M, Adams W W
Department of Environmental, Organismic, and Population Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0334, USA.
FASEB J. 1996 Mar;10(4):403-12. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.10.4.8647339.
The function of the long-chain, highly unsaturated carotenoids of higher plants in photoprotection is becoming increasingly well understood, while at the same time their function in other processes, such as light collection, needs to be reexamined. Recent progress in this area has been fueled by more accurate determinations of the photophysical properties of these molecules, as well as extensive characterization of the physiology and ecology of a particular group of carotenoids, those of the xanthophyll cycle, that play a key role in the photoprotection of photosynthesis under environmental stress. The deepoxidized xanthophylls zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin, together with a low pH within the photosynthetic membrane, facilitate the harmless dissipation of excess excitation energy directly within the light-collecting chlorophyll antennae. Evidence for this function as well as current contrasting hypotheses concerning its molecular mechanism are reviewed. In addition, the acclimation of the xanthophyll cycle content and composition of leaves to contrasting environments with different demands for photoprotection is summarized.
高等植物中长链高度不饱和类胡萝卜素在光保护中的功能已越来越为人所熟知，与此同时，它们在其他过程（如光捕获）中的功能则需要重新审视。该领域的最新进展得益于对这些分子光物理性质的更精确测定，以及对一类特定类胡萝卜素（即叶黄素循环中的类胡萝卜素）生理学和生态学的广泛表征，这类类胡萝卜素在环境胁迫下光合作用的光保护中起关键作用。脱环氧化叶黄素玉米黄质和花药黄质，以及光合膜内的低pH值，有助于在光捕获叶绿素天线内直接无害地耗散过量的激发能。本文综述了这一功能的证据以及目前关于其分子机制的不同假说。此外，还总结了叶黄素循环含量和叶片组成对不同光保护需求的对比环境的适应性。
