In vivo T cell response to viral superantigen. Selective migration rather than proliferation.

Superantigens induce T cell activation and proliferation in vitro, and some also induce cell activation in vivo. MMTV(SW) is an infectious mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) encoding a superantigen with the same Vbeta specificity as MIs-1a (Mtv-7), which induces a strong local response in vivo. injection of MMTV(SW) into mouse footpads leads to accumulation of superantigen-reactive T cells (Vbeta6+CD4+) and B cells in the draining lymph nodes (LN). We investigated the kinetics of this cell accumulation by measuring cell activation (blastogenesis, CD25 and CD69 expression), cell migration (using syngenic FITC-labeled CD4+ cells and L-selectin detection), and cell proliferation (using in vivo labeling with bromodeoxyuridine). Specific T cells selectively migrated to the draining LN. Accumulating Vbeta6+CD4+ T cells were large CD69+ cells, but remained CD25 negative and showed down-regulated L-selectin expression. Their DNA synthesis rate, studied by pulse labeling and continuous administration of bromodeoxyuridine, was increased, but remained too low to explain the draining LN hyperplasia. These data show that the local T cell response to MMTV(SW) mainly consists of selective migration followed by local activation of reactive T cells, and that cell proliferation is only a minor component of the response. By contrast, the optimal dose of staphylococcal enterotoxin B that, nevertheless, leads to a lower reactive T cell accumulation in the draining LN induces a very high proliferation rate.