Pellock J M
Division of Child Neurology, Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298, USA.
Neurology. 1996 Jun;46(6 Suppl 1):S14-6. doi: 10.1212/wnl.46.6_suppl_1.14s.
Phenytoin is widely used for the prevention and treatment of acute seizures in children. Although it has the advantage of being available in parenteral form, it cannot be given through the i.m. route. Furthermore, problems with venous accessibility and maintenance may complicate i.v. administration of phenytoin in newborns and very sick infants. Fosphenytoin, a new phenytoin prodrug, can be safely administered through the i.m. route, and, because of the physical characteristics of its formulation, it offers advantages over phenytoin for i.v. administration. Clinical studies with i.v. and i.m. fosphenytoin demonstrate that the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of this drug are similar in 5- to 18-year-old children and in young adults. The safety and pharmacokinetic profile of i.v. and i.m. fosphenytoin in younger children and infants is currently being investigated.
苯妥英广泛用于预防和治疗儿童急性惊厥。尽管它具有可供胃肠外给药的优点，但不能通过肌内注射途径给药。此外，静脉通路和维持方面的问题可能会使新生儿和重病婴儿的苯妥英静脉给药复杂化。磷苯妥英是一种新的苯妥英前体药物，可以通过肌内注射途径安全给药，并且由于其制剂的物理特性，它在静脉给药方面比苯妥英具有优势。静脉注射和肌内注射磷苯妥英的临床研究表明，该药物在5至18岁儿童和年轻人中的疗效、安全性和药代动力学相似。目前正在研究静脉注射和肌内注射磷苯妥英在年幼儿童和婴儿中的安全性和药代动力学特征。
