Wenger J L, Carlson R A
Department of Social Sciences, University of West Alabama, Livingston 35470, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1996 May;22(3):599-619. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.22.3.599.
In 4 experiments, participants performed running-arithmetic tasks. These tasks involved a sequential ordering of individual operations and a structure of subgoals that defined how calculations fit together in purpose. Consistent transitions between adjacent steps facilitated performance only when subgoal structures were relatively simple. When subgoal structures were more complex, consistent mapping of operations to serial locations produced a slight benefit. Consistency of subgoal structure produced a substantial benefit in both speed and accuracy, and some knowledge of subgoal structure integrated with knowledge of the sequence of operations. Apparently, a task's subgoal structure imposes demands that either facilitate or obscure benefits of sequence consistencies. The benefits are attributed to increased efficiency in using working memory.
在4个实验中，参与者执行跑步-算术任务。这些任务涉及单个操作的顺序排序以及子目标结构，该结构定义了计算如何在目的上组合在一起。仅当子目标结构相对简单时，相邻步骤之间的一致转换才有助于提高表现。当子目标结构更复杂时，操作到序列位置的一致映射产生了轻微的益处。子目标结构的一致性在速度和准确性方面都产生了显著的益处，并且一些子目标结构的知识与操作序列的知识相结合。显然，一项任务的子目标结构提出了促进或掩盖序列一致性益处的要求。这些益处归因于工作记忆使用效率的提高。
