Ziegenhain U, Müller B, Rauh H
Institut für Entwicklungspsychologie, Sozialpsychologie und Methoden der Psychologie, Freien Universität Berlin.
Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr. 1996 Mar-Apr;45(3-4):95-102.
In this article, the influence of quality of attachment (Ainsworth Strange Situation at 21 months) and of the intensity of attachment insecurity on test performance and emotional state in the test situation (Bayley-test at 20 months) are analyzed. The quality of attachment of 75 infants was classified according to Crittenden's PAA (Preschool Assessment of Attachment) as: secure (B), insecure defended (A) and insecure-coercive (C). Alternately, the infants were classified according to their intensity of insecurity of attachment across subtypes of qualities (secure, insecure, highly insecure). Securely attached (B) infants had the best Bayley Mental scores, were socially open and bodily relaxed. The insecure-defended (A) infants had moderate test results, were moderately open and tense, whereas the insecure-coercive (C) infants showed not only the worst test-results but were often withdrawn, fearful, tense, and poorly coordinated. Additional clinical signs of disorganization were spread unspecifically over all attachment groups particularly those of the insecure children. In the classification of children according to intensity of insecurity, these signs of disorganization accumulated particularly in the group of highly insecure infants. Children with highly insecure attachment who also exhibited unusual test situation behavior also had the lowest Bayley-test scores in the Mental Scale. These results are interpreted in the sense of balance between test engagement and emotional cost.
在本文中，分析了依恋质量（21个月时的安斯沃思陌生情境测试）以及依恋不安全感的强度对测试表现和测试情境中的情绪状态（20个月时的贝利测试）的影响。75名婴儿的依恋质量根据克里滕登的PAA（学前依恋评估）分为：安全型（B）、不安全防御型（A）和不安全强迫型（C）。另外，这些婴儿还根据其跨质量亚型（安全型、不安全型、高度不安全型）的依恋不安全感强度进行了分类。安全型依恋（B）的婴儿贝利智力得分最高，社交开放且身体放松。不安全防御型（A）的婴儿测试结果中等，适度开放且紧张，而不安全强迫型（C）的婴儿不仅测试结果最差，而且常常退缩、恐惧、紧张且协调性差。混乱的其他临床迹象无特定地分布在所有依恋组中，尤其是不安全型儿童的依恋组。在根据不安全感强度对儿童进行分类时，这些混乱迹象尤其集中在高度不安全型婴儿组中。在测试情境中表现出异常行为的高度不安全依恋儿童在智力量表上的贝利测试得分也最低。这些结果是从测试参与度和情绪成本之间的平衡角度来解释的。
