Stress management for the cardiovascular patient: a look at current treatment and trends.

Recent research findings in psychoneurobiology are increasing our clinical knowledge of how emotions and mental stress impact the cardiovascular system. Clinical trial results strongly suggest that morbidity and mortality in cardiac patients can be improved when stress management is a part of a comprehensive treatment plan. This article discusses the state of stress management in current treatment and examines some of the newer interventions and techniques being used to address this risk factor. Recommendations for integration of stress reduction into cardiovascular treatment are outlined, with an emphasis on the role of the nurse.