von Engelhardt D
Institut für Medizin- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Medizinische Universität zu Lübeck.
Praxis (Bern 1994). 1996 Apr 2;85(14):432-9.
To tell the truth and withhold information were old topics in the history of medicine, whereas the term 'informed consent' appeared first in 1957. The historical development manifests different standpoints and central dimensions in the perspective of medicine as well as of theology, philosophy, arts, jurisprudence and psychology and with regard to diagnosis, etiology, prognosis and therapy. Physicians and patients are parts of their society and culture and are therefore depending on the dominant types of communication and concepts of health, disease and death.
说实话和隐瞒信息是医学史上的古老话题，而“知情同意”一词最早出现在1957年。历史发展在医学、神学、哲学、艺术、法学和心理学的视角下，以及在诊断、病因、预后和治疗方面呈现出不同的立场和核心维度。医生和患者是他们社会和文化的一部分，因此依赖于主导的交流类型以及健康、疾病和死亡的观念。
