Shih M L, Korte W D
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, 21010-5425, USA.
Anal Biochem. 1996 Jul 1;238(2):137-44. doi: 10.1006/abio.1996.0266.
Cyanide toxicity can be reduced by the use of methemoglobin (MetHb) formers, and antidotal dosage is based on the extent of MetHb formation. Hemoglobin and ferrihemoglobin (MetHb, hemimethemoglobins alpha3+beta2+ and alpha2+beta3+, tetracyanmethemoglobin, and dicyanmethemoglobin) concentrations in human, pig, and mouse blood were determined after separation by isoelectric focusing with an octyl-bonded capillary. The predominant species formed in blood when MetHb formers, such as potassium ferricyanide, hydroxylamine, sodium nitrite, and 4-dimethylaminophenol (DMAP), added at molar ratios ranging from 1:10 to 1:1 to hemoglobin, are the valency hybrid intermediates alpha3+beta2+ and alpha2+beta3+. In the detoxication of cyanide with methemoglobin, an intermediate dicyanhemimethemoglobin was demonstrated to be the predominant species in the formation of tetracyanmethemoglobin. Complex mixtures of hemoglobin derivatives were observed with DMAP at 1:1 or greater molar ratio to hemoglobin. Comparison of the MetHb values obtained with a hemoxometer indicated that the valency hybrids were measured as MetHb and the values of oxidized hemoglobin were overestimated. In cyanide poisoning, incorrect dosages of MetHb formers could be calculated, and misinterpretation of MetHb data would result from methods that fail to discriminate among the various species of MetHb.
使用高铁血红蛋白（MetHb）形成剂可降低氰化物毒性，解毒剂量基于MetHb的形成程度。用辛基键合毛细管通过等电聚焦分离后，测定了人、猪和小鼠血液中的血红蛋白和高铁血红蛋白（MetHb、半高铁血红蛋白α3 + β2 +和α2 + β3 +、四氰高铁血红蛋白和二氰高铁血红蛋白）浓度。当高铁血红蛋白形成剂，如铁氰化钾、羟胺、亚硝酸钠和4-二甲基氨基苯酚（DMAP），以1:10至1:1的摩尔比添加到血红蛋白中时，血液中形成的主要物种是价态杂化中间体α3 + β2 +和α2 + β3 +。在用高铁血红蛋白解毒氰化物的过程中，中间产物二氰半高铁血红蛋白被证明是形成四氰高铁血红蛋白的主要物种。当DMAP与血红蛋白的摩尔比为1:1或更高时，观察到血红蛋白衍生物的复杂混合物。用血氧计获得的MetHb值的比较表明，价态杂化物被测量为MetHb，而氧化血红蛋白的值被高估。在氰化物中毒中，可能会计算出高铁血红蛋白形成剂的错误剂量，并且未能区分各种MetHb物种的方法会导致对MetHb数据的错误解读。
