Seiff A, Kirk DB, Knight TCD, Mihalov JD, Blanchard RC, Young RE, Schubert G, Lehmacher G, Milos FS, Wang J
A. Seiff, Department of Meteorology, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA. D. B. Kirk, 37465 Riverside Drive, Pleasant Hill, OR 97455, USA. T. C. D. Knight, 2370 South Brentwood Street, Lakewood, CO 80227, USA. J. D. Mihalov, R. E. Young, F. S. Milos, J. Wang, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. R. C. Blanchard, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA. G. Schubert, Department of Earth and Space Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA. U. von Zahn, Institut fur Atmospharenphysik, Universitat Rostock, D(0)-2565 Kuhlungsborn, Germany. G. Lehmacher, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.
Science. 1996 May 10;272(5263):844-5. doi: 10.1126/science.272.5263.844.
Temperatures and pressures measured by the Galileo probe during parachute descent into Jupiter's atmosphere essentially followed the dry adiabat between 0.41 and 24 bars, consistent with the absence of a deep water cloud and with the low water content found by the mass spectrometer. From 5 to 15 bars, lapse rates were slightly stable relative to the adiabat calculated for the observed H2/He ratio, which suggests that upward heat transport in that range is not attributable to simple radial convection. In the upper atmosphere, temperatures of >1000 kelvin at the 0.01-microbar level confirmed the hot exosphere that had been inferred from Voyager occultations. The thermal gradient increased sharply to 5 kelvin per kilometer at a reconstructed altitude of 350 kilometers, as was recently predicted. Densities at 1000 kilometers were 100 times those in the pre-encounter engineering model.
伽利略探测器在降落伞下降进入木星大气层期间测量的温度和压力，在0.41至24巴之间基本上遵循干绝热线，这与深层水云的不存在以及质谱仪发现的低含水量一致。在5至15巴之间，相对于根据观测到的H2/He比值计算出的绝热线，气温直减率略显稳定，这表明该范围内的向上热传输并非简单的径向对流所致。在高层大气中，0.01微巴水平处超过1000开尔文的温度证实了从旅行者号掩星观测中推断出的热逸层。在最近预测的350公里重建高度处，热梯度急剧增加至每公里5开尔文。1000公里处的密度是遭遇前工程模型中密度的100倍。
