Clements J E, Zink M C
Division of Comparative Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 1996 Jan;9(1):100-17. doi: 10.1128/CMR.9.1.100.
Lentiviruses are a subfamily of retroviruses that are characterized by long incubation periods between infection of the host and the manifestation of clinical disease. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1, the causative agent of AIDS, is the most widely studied lentivirus. However, the lentiviruses that infect sheep, goats, and horses were identified and studied prior to the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. These and other animal lentiviruses provide important systems in which to investigate the molecular pathogenesis of this family of viruses. This review will focus on two animal lentivirus models: the ovine lentivirus visna virus; and the simian lentivirus, simian immunodeficiency virus. These animal lentiviruses have been used to examine, in particular, the pathogenesis of lentivirus-induced central nervous system disease as models for humans with AIDS as well as other chronic diseases.
慢病毒是逆转录病毒的一个亚科，其特征是从宿主感染到临床疾病表现之间的潜伏期很长。1型人类免疫缺陷病毒是艾滋病的病原体，是研究最广泛的慢病毒。然而，感染绵羊、山羊和马的慢病毒在1型人类免疫缺陷病毒出现之前就已被鉴定和研究。这些以及其他动物慢病毒为研究该病毒家族的分子发病机制提供了重要的系统。本综述将聚焦于两种动物慢病毒模型：绵羊慢病毒维斯纳病毒；以及猴慢病毒，猴免疫缺陷病毒。这些动物慢病毒尤其被用于研究慢病毒诱导的中枢神经系统疾病的发病机制，作为艾滋病患者以及其他慢性疾病患者的模型。
